Debates

تانية بكالوريا English

الدرس ده عن إيه؟

A debate is a structured argument about a statement called the motion. One side argues for it and the other side argues against it. Each speaker gives claims with evidence and responds respectfully to the other side's points.

الدرس ده عن المناظرة (debate): فيه جملة اسمها motion (الموضوع اللي بنتناظر عليه)، وفريق مع (For) وفريق ضد (Against). كل فريق بيقدّم حججه بأدلة، وبعدين يرد على حجج الفريق التاني باحترام. الفرق بينها وبين المناقشة إن هنا كل واحد له دور محدد ووقت محدد، والهدف تقنع الحَكَم أو الفصل.

في الكتاب: Unit 4 فيه مناظرة للفصل كله: *Social media platforms do more harm than good for teenagers* (كل متحدث ٢ – ٣ دقايق وبعدين الفصل يصوّت)، وكمان *Should shops be required to donate unsold food?*. Unit 5: *Government projects are more effective than individual actions in Egypt* (لازم claims بأدلة، أمثلة من مشروعات حقيقية في مصر، والرد باحترام وبـ counter-evidence). Unit 6 وUnit 10 فيهم مناظرة ثنائية (Farms vs. Wildlife Corridors / Free Returns) بهيكل من ٣ خطوات.

كلمات لازم تعرفها

شكلين للمناظرة في الكتاب

١) مناظرة الفصل (Team debate) — زي Unit 4 وUnit 5:

٢) مناظرة ثنائية قصيرة (Pair debate) — زي Unit 6 وUnit 10 (الهيكل مكتوب في الكتاب):

هيكل الخطبة في المناظرة (٢ – ٣ دقايق)

A debate speech has four parts: state your side, give arguments with evidence, rebut the other side, then conclude and ask the audience to support you.

إزاي ترد على حجة (Rebuttal) في ٣ خطوات

To rebut: (1) repeat the opponent's point fairly, (2) show the problem in it, (3) give counter-evidence.

1. كرر حجتهم بأمانة: *My opponent said that social media helps people stay connected.*
2. وضّح المشكلة فيها: *However, being connected online is not the same as having real relationships.*
3. هات دليل مضاد: *In fact, apps use infinite scroll to keep users online, and many teenagers feel lonelier after hours of scrolling.*

أمثلة

• The motion today is: "Social media platforms do more harm than good for teenagers."بيقدّم الموضوع في الأول.
• We strongly believe that the motion is right.إحنا فريق For (موافقين).
• Our first argument is that notifications damage concentration during studying.أول حجة.
• My opponent said that individuals create change from the ground up.بكرر حجة المنافس بأمانة (Unit 5).
• However, large-scale projects like the Benban Solar Park make a much bigger impact.بوضح المشكلة وبجيب دليل مضاد من مصر.
• That may be true in some cases, but most returned items are not resold.اعتراف جزئي + رد (Unit 10).
• A fair rule would be that farmers use safe fences and leave a corridor for wildlife.حل وسط في المناظرة الثنائية (Unit 6).
• For all these reasons, we urge you to vote against the motion.خاتمة وطلب التصويت.

نموذج ١: خطبة فريق For (حوالي ٢ دقيقة)

نموذج ٢: مناظرة ثنائية (بنفس هيكل الكتاب)

إزاي بييجي في الأسئلة؟

١) Motion بجدول For / Against جاهز (Unit 4، Unit 5): الكتاب بيدّيك نقط لكل فريق. اختار نقطتين، وزوّد عليهم دليل ومثال من عندك، وحضّر رد على نقطة واحدة على الأقل من الفريق التاني.

You must: present arguments with clear claims and supporting evidence • give examples from real projects in Egypt • respond to opposing ideas with respect and counter-evidence.

الحل باختصار (فريق Against في Unit 5): *Our first argument is that individual actions add up. For example, the Nile clean-up in Luxor started with five friends and grew to over two hundred volunteers. My opponent said that the government has more resources. That's true, but resources are not enough if people don't change their daily habits.*

٢) Role-play debate (Unit 4): *Student A: a supermarket manager. Student B: an environmental activist. Should shops be required to donate unsold food?* ← كل واحد يتكلم من وجهة نظر دوره.

٣) مناظرة ثنائية من ٣ خطوات (Unit 6، Unit 10) ← زي نموذج ٢ بالظبط.

تدريب

A) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.

1. 1. The statement that is debated is called the: a. rebuttal b. motion c. vote d. summary

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   b — motion = الموضوع.

2. 2. Answering the other team's argument and showing it is weak is called: a. rebuttal b. opening c. compromise d. evidence

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   a — rebuttal = الرد.

3. 3. Which is the most respectful rebuttal? a. That's nonsense. b. You never know anything. c. I respect my opponent's view, but the evidence shows the opposite. d. Stop talking.

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   c — رد على الفكرة باحترام.

4. 4. In the book's pair debate, step 3 is to: a. vote b. agree on ONE rule that could apply fairly to both sides c. write an essay d. repeat the opening

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   b — ده هيكل الكتاب في Unit 6 و10.

5. 5. "______, we urge you to vote against the motion." a. Firstly b. For example c. For all these reasons d. My opponent said

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   c — جملة خاتمة.

6. 6. In the Unit 5 debate, you must give examples from: a. other planets b. real projects in Egypt c. films d. your imagination

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   b — الكتاب بيقول *Give examples from real projects in Egypt*.

B) Write a short rebuttal (They said… But… In fact…).

1. 7. Opponent: "Black Friday helps families save money."

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   *My opponent said that Black Friday helps families save money. However, many people buy things they don't need. In fact, impulse buying often means spending more, not less.*

2. 8. Opponent: "The government has more resources than individuals."

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   *That's true, but resources alone don't change daily habits. For example, a solar project cannot stop people wasting electricity at home.*

3. 9. Opponent: "Shops cannot donate food because it is too complicated."

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   *I understand your concern, but many charities already collect food from shops. A clear system would make donation easy.*

4. 10. Opponent: "Social media gives teenagers access to educational content."

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   *That may be true in some cases, but most teenagers use social media for entertainment. The educational content is often lost in endless scrolling.*

5. 11. Opponent: "Wildlife corridors take land that farmers need."

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   *I see your point, but without corridors, animals cross farms anyway and damage crops. Corridors actually protect farms too.*

6. 12. Opponent: "Fast fashion lets poor families buy clothes."

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   *That's a fair point. Nevertheless, cheap clothes wear out quickly, so families buy again and again. Fewer, better clothes or second-hand clothes can cost less in the long term.*

C) For or Against? Decide which side each argument supports. Motion: *"Schools should ban mobile phones."*

1. 13. Phones distract students during lessons.

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   For — بيدعم المنع.

2. 14. Parents need to contact their children in emergencies.

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   Against — سبب علشان نسيب الموبايل.

3. 15. Students can use phones to search for information quickly.

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   Against.

4. 16. Without phones, students talk to each other more during breaks.

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   For.

5. 17. Cyberbullying often happens through phones at school.

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   For.

D) Debate practice: اختار فريق وحضّر حجتين ورد واحد. (أفكار نموذجية)

1. 18. (Unit 4) Motion: "Social media platforms do more harm than good for teenagers." (AGAINST)

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   Arg 1: it keeps people connected globally. Arg 2: it supports creativity and self-expression. Rebuttal: they say apps trap users, but being aware of how platforms work puts users in control.

2. 19. (Unit 4) Should shops be required to donate unsold food? (Supermarket manager / Activist)

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   Manager: donation costs time and transport, and food safety is a risk. Activist: throwing away safe food while people are hungry is wrong. Compromise: a law with support from charities that collect the food.

3. 20. (Unit 5) Motion: "Government projects are more effective than individual actions in Egypt." (FOR)

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   Arg 1: more resources (Benban Solar Park). Arg 2: policy creates systematic change. Rebuttal: individual actions add up, but they are slow without laws and big projects.

4. 21. (Unit 5) Motion: "Renewable energy can replace fossil fuels in Egypt." (AGAINST)

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   Arg 1: intermittency: the sun and wind are not available all the time. Arg 2: building new systems takes years. Rebuttal: they say solar is cheap now, but storage is still expensive. (You can still accept a gradual change.)

5. 22. (Unit 6) Farms vs. Wildlife Corridors (pair debate).

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   A: farmers must protect their income and food. B: wildlife needs safe routes or species disappear. Rule: farmers can use safe fences, and the government pays for corridors.

6. 23. (Unit 8) Motion: "Vocational education is as valuable as university education." (FOR)

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   Arg 1: the job market needs practical skills (tourism, cybersecurity, marine engineering). Arg 2: students start working and earning sooner. Rebuttal: some say university gives higher status, but skills, not titles, build the economy.

7. 24. (Unit 10) Motion: "Fast fashion should be taxed." (FOR)

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   Arg 1: it causes pollution and uses huge amounts of water. Arg 2: a tax would push brands to produce better quality. Rebuttal: they say prices will rise for poor families, but the tax could fund repair cafés and swap events.

8. 25. (Unit 10) Should free returns really be free? (pair debate)

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   A: customers cannot try products online. B: many returns are destroyed and add transport emissions. Policy: free returns for faulty items only, a small fee for change-of-mind returns.