Broadcasts, Podcasts, Radio Programmes and Media Reports

تانية بكالوريا English

الدرس ده عن إيه؟

In this course you listen to many kinds of audio texts: broadcasts, radio programmes, podcasts, research reports and media reports. Each type has its own shape. If you know the shape, you can follow it more easily and answer the questions better.

في كل وحدة من وحدات الكتاب فيه جزء Listening، وكل مرة الكتاب بيقولك تسمع حاجة: broadcast عن السوشيال ميديا (Unit 1)، research report عن الـ screen time (Unit 2)، media report عن الاكتشافات الأثرية (Unit 3)، radio programme عن الاستهلاك أونلاين (Unit 4)، expert podcast عن الطاقة المتجددة (Unit 5)، ومن Unit 6 لـ Unit 10 media reports عن الحياة البرية والشغف والتعليم الفني والانتماء والاستهلاك.

الدرس ده بيعرّفك كل نوع من دول شكله إيه، مين اللي بيتكلم فيه، وبيبدأ وبيخلص إزاي، والكلمات اللي بتقولك «خلي بالك، فيه فكرة جديدة جاية». ولما تفهم الشكل ده، هتعرف تتوقع المعلومة قبل ما تيجي.

ليه لازم أعرف نوع التسجيل؟

The type of audio tells you who is speaking, why they are speaking and what kind of information to expect.

تخيل إنك داخل فيلم وانت عارف إنه كوميدي، هتبقى مستني الضحك. نفس الفكرة: لو عارف إن ده podcast فيه ضيف خبير، هتبقى مستني أسئلة من المذيع وإجابات فيها أرقام وأمثلة. ولو عارف إنه media report، هتبقى مستني خبر + آراء ناس + رأي خبراء + نهاية فيها رسالة.

• النوع بيقولك الهدف (purpose): يعلّم؟ يحذّر؟ يقنع؟ يعرض رأيين؟
• النوع بيقولك عدد المتكلمين: واحد بس، ولا مذيع وضيف، ولا ناس كتير.
• النوع بيقولك فين المعلومة المهمة: غالبًا في البداية (الموضوع) وفي النهاية (الرسالة أو الخلاصة).

أنواع التسجيلات في الكتاب

الشكل الثابت لأي تسجيل: بداية، وسط، نهاية

Most broadcasts and podcasts follow the same plan: an introduction (topic and speakers), the body (main points with evidence) and a conclusion (key message or what comes next).

خلي بالك من آخر جزء ده: الكتاب سأل في Unit 5 سؤال زي «What will the next part of the podcast discuss?». الإجابة دايمًا بتكون في آخر جملتين في التسجيل.

كلمات الإشارة (Signposting language)

Signposts are words and phrases that tell the listener what is coming next: a new point, an example, a contrast or a conclusion.

كلمات الإشارة دي زي يافطات الطريق. مش بتديك المعلومة نفسها، لكن بتقولك «المعلومة جاية دلوقتي». لما تسمع واحدة منهم، ركّز جامد.

• According to a recent survey, four in ten families throw away bread every week.«حسب استطلاع رأي حديث»: معناها جاي رقم أو دليل ← اكتبه بسرعة.
• However, not everyone agrees with this idea.«لكن»: جاي رأي تاني أو مشكلة، وده مكان أسئلة True/False كتير.
• Joining me today is Dr. Karim Nabil, an energy engineer.«معايا النهارده»: جاي اسم الضيف ووظيفته، وبييجي عليها سؤال Identify.
• The key message is simple: plan before you shop.«الرسالة الأساسية»: دي إجابة سؤال main message / main purpose.
• In next week's episode, we'll look at fast fashion.«في حلقة الأسبوع الجاي»: إجابة سؤال What will the next part discuss?
• Take the case of a school in Assiut.«خد مثلًا»: جاي مثال حقيقي (اسم مكان أو شخص).
• Critics argue that one event cannot change a whole system.«الناقدين بيقولوا»: ده رأي معارض، مش رأي المتكلم نفسه.

إزاي تسمع خطوة بخطوة (3 مرات زي الكتاب)

The book usually asks you to listen three times: first for the general idea, then for details, then for deeper analysis.

1. قبل ما تسمع: اقرا العنوان والأسئلة كلها. حط خط تحت الكلمات المهمة (names, numbers, why, how). اتوقع الإجابة.
2. المرة الأولى (A): اسمع الفكرة العامة: الموضوع إيه؟ مين بيتكلم؟ الهدف إيه؟ متقفش عند كلمة مش فاهمها.
3. المرة التانية (B): اسمع التفاصيل: أرقام، أسماء، الكلمة الناقصة في الجملة. اكتب أول حرفين بس وكمّل بعدين.
4. المرة التالتة (C): جاوب أسئلة Explain / Analyse / Evaluate بجمل كاملة، واستخدم دليل من التسجيل.
5. بعد ما تسمع: راجع الإجابات: الجرامر صح؟ الكلمة مكتوبة صح؟ الإجابة على قد السؤال؟

تطبيق 1: برنامج راديو (Radio programme) – Unit 4

نص التسجيل 1: Waste Less, Live More – Radio Nile Youth

PRESENTER: Good evening and welcome to Waste Less, Live More on Radio Nile Youth, the programme that helps young people waste less and save more. I'm Ahmed Fathy. Tonight we're asking one simple question: why do Egyptian families throw away so much food during special occasions?

First of all, the numbers. According to a recent survey of 600 households in Cairo and Giza, nearly half of families said they cook more food than they need when guests visit. Bread and rice were the foods thrown away most often, followed by vegetables. The survey also found that waste almost doubles during Ramadan and the Eid holidays.

So why does this happen? Many listeners told us that cooking a lot is part of our hospitality. Nobody wants a guest to think the table is empty. However, the problem is not generosity itself. The problem is planning. Food experts say that most of the waste happens because families buy too much at once and do not store leftovers properly.

Here are three tips from our nutrition expert. One: write a shopping list and count your guests before you go to the market. Two: keep leftovers in clean, closed boxes in the fridge and use them within two days. Three: share extra food with neighbours or local charities on the same day.

The key message tonight is clear: you can be generous and careful at the same time. In next week's programme, we'll look at food waste in school canteens, so stay tuned. This has been Waste Less, Live More. Good night.

ملحوظة: نصوص التسجيل في الدرس ده مكتوبة مخصوص للتدريب، والأسماء والأرقام اللي فيها للتمرين بس. اقرا النص بصوت عالي أو خلي حد يقراه لك وانت مقفّل الكتاب.

لاحظ الشكل: ترحيب واسم البرنامج ← السؤال الرئيسي ← أرقام من survey ← السبب ← However (المشكلة الحقيقية) ← نصايح مرقمة (One, Two, Three) ← الرسالة ← الحلقة الجاية.

إزاي بييجي في الأسئلة؟ (أمثلة محلولة)

نوع 1: Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

What is the main purpose of the programme?

a. To advertise a new supermarket.

b. To explain why families waste food on special occasions and how to reduce it.

c. To prove that hospitality is a bad tradition.

d. To describe traditional Ramadan recipes.

الإجابة: b. ليه؟ المذيع قال السؤال في الأول («why do Egyptian families throw away so much food…») وفي الآخر ادّى نصايح. c غلط لأنه قال بوضوح «the problem is not generosity itself». خلي بالك: الإجابة الغلط ساعات بتكون عكس كلام المتكلم.

نوع 2: Listen again and complete the statements

Food experts say that most of the waste happens because families buy too much at once and do not ________ leftovers properly.

الإجابة: store. ليه؟ الفراغ بعد do not يبقى محتاج فعل في المصدر، والكلمة اللي اتقالت هي store.

نوع 3: Answer in full sentences (Analyse)

Why does the presenter say 'the problem is not generosity itself'? What does this imply?

إجابة نموذجية: The presenter says this because he does not want to criticise Egyptian hospitality. He implies that people can keep their generous traditions but should plan better, for example by writing a shopping list. — لاحظ: جاوبنا ليه + يعني إيه ضمنيًا + دليل من التسجيل.

تطبيق 2: بودكاست فيه خبير (Expert podcast) – Unit 5

نص التسجيل 2: Green Rooftops – The Sustainable Egypt Podcast, Episode 12

HOST (Marwan): Hello and welcome to episode twelve of The Sustainable Egypt Podcast. I'm Marwan Adel. Joining me today is Dr. Karim Nabil, an energy engineer who has worked on solar projects in Aswan and Alexandria. Dr. Nabil, welcome.

DR. NABIL: Thank you, Marwan. It's a pleasure to be here.

HOST: Let's start with the big question. Can ordinary buildings, like schools, really make a difference to Egypt's energy future?

DR. NABIL: Absolutely, but only if we think about them as a network. One school roof can't power a city, of course. However, a pilot project in Aswan put solar panels on the roofs of fifteen schools. Together, they now produce about forty per cent of the electricity those schools use during the day. That money can be spent on books and laboratories instead of bills.

HOST: That sounds impressive. But what about the night, when there's no sun?

DR. NABIL: Good question. That's what we call intermittency: the sun doesn't shine all the time. At the moment, most of these schools are still connected to the national grid, so they use normal electricity at night. Batteries are becoming cheaper, but I'd say we're probably five to ten years away from making them affordable for every school.

HOST: So what's the first step for a school that wants to go green?

DR. NABIL: Measure before you buy. Every school should check how much energy it uses and where it wastes it. Sometimes simply switching off computers and air conditioners after the last lesson saves more than people expect.

HOST: Dr. Nabil, thank you. Listeners, in part two of this episode, we'll hear from students in Alexandria who started their own recycling club. Don't go away.

لاحظ الشكل: Host + Guest ← تعريف الضيف ووظيفته ← سؤال كبير ← إجابة فيها مثال حقيقي ورقم ← سؤال صعب (التحدي) ← مصطلح علمي مشروح (intermittency) ← نصيحة ← الجزء الجاي.

تدريب

A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d. (Transcripts 1 and 2)

1. 1. What type of audio text is Transcript 1? a. a podcast interview b. a radio programme c. a research report d. a conference discussion

   Show answer

   b. a radio programme — المذيع قال «on Radio Nile Youth, the programme that…» واتكلم لوحده تقريبًا.

2. 2. Which foods were thrown away most often, according to the survey? a. meat and fish b. sweets and cakes c. bread and rice d. fruit and juice

   Show answer

   c. bread and rice — قال «Bread and rice were the foods thrown away most often».

3. 3. In Transcript 2, who is Dr. Karim Nabil? a. the host of the podcast b. a school head teacher c. an energy engineer d. a student in Alexandria

   Show answer

   c. an energy engineer — المذيع عرّفه: «an energy engineer who has worked on solar projects».

4. 4. How much of the schools' daytime electricity do the solar panels in Aswan produce? a. about 14% b. about 40% c. about 50% d. all of it

   Show answer

   b. about 40% — قال «about forty per cent». خلي بالك: forty = 40 مش fourteen = 14.

5. 5. What will part two of the podcast discuss? a. batteries for schools b. solar projects in Aswan c. a student recycling club in Alexandria d. food waste in canteens

   Show answer

   c — آخر جملة: «we'll hear from students in Alexandria who started their own recycling club». وd ده موضوع الحلقة الجاية في الراديو مش البودكاست.

6. 6. What is Dr. Nabil's first piece of advice for schools? a. Buy batteries immediately. b. Measure energy use before buying anything. c. Disconnect from the national grid. d. Close the school earlier.

   Show answer

   b — قال «Measure before you buy». الإجابة بنفس المعنى بكلام تاني.

B. Listen again and complete the statements. (One word or a number)

1. 7. The survey included ________ households in Cairo and Giza.

   Show answer

   600 — «a recent survey of 600 households».

2. 8. Food waste almost ________ during Ramadan and the Eid holidays.

   Show answer

   doubles — الفراغ بعد almost وقبل during محتاج فعل مع he/it ← doubles.

3. 9. Leftovers should be used within ________ days.

   Show answer

   two — النصيحة التانية: «use them within two days».

4. 10. The solar pilot project in Aswan covered the roofs of ________ schools.

   Show answer

   fifteen — «the roofs of fifteen schools».

5. 11. Dr. Nabil thinks affordable batteries for every school are five to ________ years away.

   Show answer

   ten — «five to ten years away».

C. True (T) or False (F)? Correct the false ones.

1. 12. The radio presenter believes Egyptian hospitality is the real cause of food waste.

   Show answer

   F — قال «the problem is not generosity itself. The problem is planning». التصحيح: He believes poor planning is the real cause.

2. 13. The radio programme gives listeners three practical tips.

   Show answer

   T — قال «Here are three tips» وعدّهم One, Two, Three.

3. 14. The schools in Aswan no longer need the national grid at all.

   Show answer

   F — قال «most of these schools are still connected to the national grid». التصحيح: They still use the grid at night.

4. 15. Dr. Nabil says switching off devices can save a lot of energy.

   Show answer

   T — «simply switching off computers and air conditioners… saves more than people expect».

D. Signposting: what comes next? Choose: evidence / contrast / conclusion / introducing a guest / next episode.

1. 16. «Joining me today is…»

   Show answer

   introducing a guest — بعدها اسم الضيف ووظيفته.

2. 17. «According to a recent survey…»

   Show answer

   evidence — بعدها رقم أو نتيجة.

3. 18. «However, the problem is not…»

   Show answer

   contrast — بعدها فكرة عكس اللي قبلها.

4. 19. «The key message tonight is clear…»

   Show answer

   conclusion — بعدها الرسالة الأساسية.

5. 20. «In next week's programme, we'll look at…»

   Show answer

   next episode — بعدها موضوع الحلقة الجاية.

E. Answer in full sentences (Analyse / Evaluate).

1. 21. Why does the host in Transcript 2 ask about 'the night, when there's no sun'?

   Show answer

   مثال: He asks this because it is the main weakness of solar energy. It makes the podcast more balanced, and it lets Dr. Nabil explain intermittency. — المذيع الشاطر بيسأل عن التحدي علشان الحلقة متبقاش إعلان.

2. 22. How are the two transcripts similar in structure? Give TWO points.

   Show answer

   مثال: Both start by introducing the topic and the programme, and both end by telling listeners what the next part will discuss. Both also give practical advice. — مقارنة الشكل: بداية + نهاية + نصيحة.

3. 23. JRE: To what extent can a radio programme change people's habits? Use evidence from Transcript 1.

   Show answer

   مثال: A radio programme can change habits to some extent (J). This is because it reaches many families and gives simple steps (R). For example, Waste Less, Live More suggests writing a shopping list and sharing extra food on the same day (E). However, people must choose to follow the tips. — Justify ثم Reasoning ثم Evidence.

إزاي تتدرّب في البيت؟

الاستماع زي العضلة: لازم تمرين كل يوم، حتى لو 10 دقايق بس. استخدم مصادر صوت بس (audio) وركّز على ودنك:

• BBC Learning English – 6 Minute English: حلقات صوتية قصيرة (6 دقايق) فيها مذيعين بيتكلموا عن موضوع واحد وبيشرحوا كلمات جديدة. ابدأ بيها.
• BBC Sounds: فيها برامج راديو وبودكاست كتير، دوّر على مواضيع الوحدات: science, environment, health, technology.
• BBC World Service (radio): نشرات أخبار وتقارير قصيرة، شبه الـ media reports اللي في الكتاب.
• الطريقة: اسمع مرة للفكرة العامة واكتب الموضوع في سطر. اسمع تاني واكتب 3 أرقام أو أسماء. اسمع تالت واكتب كلمات الإشارة اللي سمعتها (However, For example…).
• تحدّي الأسبوع: بعد كل حلقة اسأل نفسك: النوع إيه؟ مين بيتكلم؟ الرسالة إيه؟ الجزء الجاي عن إيه؟