تانية بكالوريا · Vocabulary · Unit 1
Well-being and Mental Health
أهم كلمات Unit 1 (Living Well in a Complex World): السوشيال ميديا وصورتنا عن نفسنا، أسلوب الحياة الصحي، المسؤولية، والصحة النفسية — بالمعنى والعيلة والأضداد وتدريب زي المراجعات.
الدرس ده عن إيه؟
This page collects the key vocabulary of Unit 1: Living Well in a Complex World: social media and self-image, healthy lifestyles, personal and shared responsibility, and mental health.
الدرس ده فيه أهم الكلمات اللي هتقابلها في نصوص Unit 1 وفي مربعات الـ Vocabulary بتاعتها. كل كلمة معاها معنى إنجليزي بسيط، ومعنى بالعربي، ومثال قصير من موضوع الوحدة.
وبعد الكلمات هتلاقي عيلة الكلمة (اسم، فعل، صفة، ظرف)، والكلمات اللي بتيجي مع بعض، والـ prefixes والـ suffixes، والمرادفات والأضداد، وفي الآخر تدريب بنفس شكل أسئلة المراجعات.
في الكتاب: Book 1 · Unit 1 (صفحة 12-38). الكلمات جاية من 4 دروس: 1.1 Social Media and Self-Image، 1.2 Exploring Modern Lifestyles (مربع الـ Vocabulary صفحة 24)، 1.3 Whose Responsibility Is It? (مربع الـ Vocabulary صفحة 31)، و1.4 Understanding Mental Health. وكمان الكلمات دي بتتسأل في Consolidation Review A.
إزاي تذاكر الكلمات دي؟
Do not just memorise a list. Learn each word with its meaning, its form (noun, verb, adjective, adverb), the words that go with it, and its opposite.
- اقرا الكلمة والمعنى بالإنجليزي البسيط الأول، وبعدين المعنى بالعربي. الامتحان بيسألك بالإنجليزي، فلازم تفهم الشرح الإنجليزي.
- بص على المثال وحاول تقول جملة شبهه من دماغك عن حياتك.
- اعرف الكلمة دي اسم ولا فعل ولا صفة. ده بالظبط اللي بيتسأل فيه في «Complete with the correct form».
- احفظ مع كل كلمة عكسها ومرادفها. المراجعات في الكتاب بتسأل «antonymous meaning» و«could meaningfully replace».
- ارجع للكلمات بعد يوم، وبعد 3 أيام، وبعد أسبوع. التكرار ده أحسن من إنك تقعد ساعتين مرة واحدة.
Lesson 1.1 — Social Media and Self-Image
الدرس ده عن تأثير السوشيال ميديا على نظرة المراهق لنفسه، وإزاي نكتشف الانحياز (bias) في البوستات.
| Word | Simple English meaning | المعنى بالعربي | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| self-image (n.) | the picture you have in your mind of yourself | صورتك عن نفسك | Filtered photos can harm a teenager's self-image. |
| self-esteem (n.) | how much you value and respect yourself | تقدير الذات / الثقة في النفس | Many heavy users report low self-esteem. |
| social comparison (n.) | judging yourself by comparing yourself to others | مقارنة نفسك بالناس | Constant social comparison makes us feel unhappy. |
| highlight reel effect (n.) | posting only the best moments, which gives a false picture of life | إن الناس تنشر أحلى لحظاتها بس فتبان حياتهم مثالية | The highlight reel effect hides people's ordinary days. |
| curated (adj.) | carefully chosen and arranged | متختار ومترتب بعناية | Online profiles are highly curated stages. |
| unrealistic expectations (n.) | hopes that cannot really happen | توقعات مش واقعية | Perfect posts create unrealistic expectations. |
| pressure (n.) | a feeling that you must do or be something | ضغط | Teenagers feel pressure to look perfect. |
| biased (adj.) | showing a strong, unfair opinion, not neutral | منحاز / مش عادل | The post was biased because it gave one side only. |
| neutral (adj.) | fair and not supporting any side | محايد | A neutral report presents facts calmly. |
| intensifier (n.) | a word that makes an idea stronger (very, extremely) | كلمة بتقوّي المعنى | "Extremely" is an intensifier. |
| hedging (n.) | words that show caution or uncertainty (may, might) | كلام فيه حذر ومش جازم | Hedging makes a claim sound careful. |
| evaluative adjective (n.) | an adjective that gives a judgement (amazing, toxic) | صفة فيها حكم أو رأي | "Toxic" is an evaluative adjective. |
| media literacy (n.) | the ability to read media critically and judge it | الوعي الإعلامي (تفهم الإعلام وتنقده) | Media literacy protects mental health online. |
Lesson 1.2 — Exploring Modern Lifestyles
الدرس ده عن العادات الصحية: الرياضة، الأكل، النوم، والـ mindfulness. كلمات مربع الـ Vocabulary في صفحة 24 كلها هنا.
| Word | Simple English meaning | المعنى بالعربي | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| well-being (n.) | a state of being comfortable, healthy and happy | الرفاهية / إن الإنسان يكون كويس جسديًا ونفسيًا | Sleep is vital for our well-being. |
| lifestyle (n.) | the way a person lives every day | أسلوب الحياة | A healthy lifestyle includes exercise. |
| sedentary (adj.) | involving little physical movement | قليل الحركة (قاعد كتير) | Gaming all day is a sedentary habit. |
| mindfulness (n.) | paying careful attention to the present moment | التركيز الواعي في اللحظة الحالية | Ten minutes of mindfulness reduces stress. |
| nutritionist (n.) | a health expert who gives advice on what to eat | أخصائي تغذية | The nutritionist advised more vegetables. |
| processed food (n.) | food changed from its natural state, often with sugar, salt or chemicals | أكل مصنّع | Limit processed food and fizzy drinks. |
| underestimated (adj.) | not valued enough | مستقلّ بيه / مش واخد قيمته | Sleep is often underestimated. |
| measurable (adj.) | noticeable, or able to be counted or tracked | ممكن يتقاس / ملحوظ | The programme led to measurable results. |
| moderate (adj.) | not too much and not too little | متوسط / معتدل | Do 60 minutes of moderate activity. |
| boost (v.) | to increase or improve | يرفع / يقوّي | Exercise boosts mood and confidence. |
| fatigue (n.) | a feeling of being very tired | إرهاق / تعب شديد | Poor nutrition is linked to fatigue. |
| recovery (n.) | getting back to normal health or strength | التعافي / الاستشفاء | Sleep supports physical recovery. |
| routine (n.) | the usual way you do things every day | روتين / نظام يومي | A regular bedtime routine improves sleep. |
| mindful consumption (n.) | being careful about what you eat, watch and buy | الاستهلاك الواعي | Mindful consumption includes the media we watch. |
Lesson 1.3 — Whose Responsibility Is It?
الدرس ده بيسأل: مين المسؤول عن صحتنا؟ الفرد، ولا المجتمع، ولا الاتنين؟ كلمات مربع صفحة 31 كلها هنا.
| Word | Simple English meaning | المعنى بالعربي | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| agency (n.) | the power to make choices and act independently | القدرة إنك تختار وتتصرف بنفسك | Every teenager has the agency to choose healthy habits. |
| self-efficacy (n.) | the belief that you can succeed | ثقتك إنك تقدر تنجح | Students with high self-efficacy keep trying. |
| locus of control (n.) | your belief about who controls your life (you or outside forces) | إحساسك مين المتحكم في حياتك | An internal locus of control builds confidence. |
| structural barriers (n.) | obstacles in the environment that limit real choice | عوائق في البيئة / المجتمع بتحدّ من الاختيار | The lack of safe parks is one of the structural barriers. |
| resilience (n.) | the ability to recover and adapt after difficulty | المرونة النفسية / القدرة على التعافي | Friends help us build resilience. |
| nudge (n./v.) | a gentle push towards a behaviour without force | دفعة خفيفة / تشجيع من غير إجبار | Healthy food near the door is a nudge. |
| disempowering (adj.) | making someone feel less capable or in control | بيضعف إحساسك إنك قادر | Blaming others all the time is disempowering. |
| passive (adj.) | accepting what happens without acting | سلبي | People who blame others may become passive. |
| ownership (n.) | accepting that something is your responsibility | تحمّل المسؤولية (إنها بتاعتك) | Taking ownership builds confidence. |
| peer pressure (n.) | influence from people of your age to act like them | ضغط الأصحاب / اللي في سنك | Peer pressure affects what teenagers eat. |
| impressionable (adj.) | easily influenced by others | سهل التأثر | Brands target teenagers at an impressionable age. |
| restrict (v.) | to limit or control | يحدّ / يقيّد | Some governments restrict junk food adverts. |
| affordable (adj.) | cheap enough for people to buy or use | في المتناول / سعره مناسب | Towns need affordable sports facilities. |
Lesson 1.4 — Understanding Mental Health
الدرس ده عن الضغط النفسي عند المراهقين المصريين وإزاي بيتعاملوا معاه (cope with stress).
| Word | Simple English meaning | المعنى بالعربي | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| mental health (n.) | the health of your mind and feelings | الصحة النفسية | Exams can affect students' mental health. |
| anxiety (n.) | an uncomfortable feeling of worry and nervousness | قلق / توتر | Lack of sleep increases anxiety. |
| depression (n.) | a serious illness of feeling very sad for a long time | اكتئاب | Doctors can help people with depression. |
| cope with (v.) | to deal successfully with something difficult | يتعامل مع / يتحمّل | Exercise helps teenagers cope with stress. |
| coping strategy (n.) | a way of dealing with stress or problems | طريقة للتعامل مع الضغط | Talking to family is a good coping strategy. |
| exposure (n.) | being in contact with something again and again | التعرّض لحاجة | Constant exposure to screens affects sleep. |
| counselling (n.) | professional advice and support for personal problems | إرشاد / دعم نفسي (الكتاب بيكتبها counseling بالأمريكي) | Schools should offer counselling. |
| collectivist (adj.) | putting the group or family before the individual | جماعي (الجماعة قبل الفرد) | Egypt has a collectivist culture. |
| individualistic (adj.) | putting the individual person first | فردي (الفرد أولًا) | The USA is often described as individualistic. |
| overwhelmed (adj.) | having too much to deal with | مضغوط جدًا / مش ملاحق | She felt overwhelmed before the exams. |
| conclusive (adj.) | proving something clearly, with no doubt | حاسم / قاطع | More schools would make the findings conclusive. |
- اعمل كارت لكل كلمة: الكلمة على وش، والمعنى والمثال وعكسها على الضهر.
- قسّم الكلمات زي ما الكتاب مقسمها (درس درس)، لأن كل درس ليه موضوع وده بيسهّل الربط.
- استخدم 3 كلمات جديدة كل يوم في جملة عن نفسك، حتى لو جملة بسيطة.
عيلة الكلمة (Word Families)
Word families are groups of words that come from the same root but are different parts of speech: noun, verb, adjective and adverb.
الكتاب في Unit 2 بيشرح فكرة الـ word families، بس الامتحان بيسأل فيها في كل الوحدات. هنا عيلة أهم كلمات Unit 1. لو مفيش شكل مشهور حطينا (—).
إزاي تعرف تختار الشكل الصح؟ بص على الكلمة اللي قبل الفراغ واللي بعده:
| لو الفراغ… | يبقى محتاج | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| بعد a / an / the / my / this أو بعد صفة | Noun (اسم) | the importance of sleep · a serious problem |
| بعد الفاعل، أو بعد to، أو بعد can / should / must | Verb (فعل) | Teenagers should reduce screen time. |
| قبل الاسم، أو بعد is / are / become / feel / seem | Adjective (صفة) | a healthy diet · She feels confident. |
| بيوصف فعل أو صفة (إزاي؟ قد إيه؟)، وغالبًا آخره -ly | Adverb (ظرف) | They played competitively. · highly effective |
| Noun (اسم) | Verb (فعل) | Adjective (صفة) | Adverb (ظرف) | المعنى |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| health | — | healthy / unhealthy | healthily | صحة ← صحي |
| responsibility | — | responsible / irresponsible | responsibly | مسؤولية ← مسؤول |
| confidence | — | confident | confidently | ثقة ← واثق |
| anxiety | — | anxious | anxiously | قلق ← قلقان |
| comparison | compare | comparable / comparative | comparatively | مقارنة ← يقارن |
| expectation | expect | expected / unexpected | unexpectedly | توقع ← يتوقع |
| measurement | measure | measurable | measurably | قياس ← يقيس |
| concentration | concentrate | concentrated | — | تركيز ← يركّز |
| recovery | recover | recovered | — | تعافي ← يتعافى |
| resilience | — | resilient | resiliently | مرونة ← مرن |
| nutrition | — | nutritious | — | تغذية ← مغذّي |
| reality / realism | — | realistic / unrealistic | realistically | واقع ← واقعي |
| bias | bias | biased / unbiased | — | انحياز ← منحاز |
| empowerment | empower / disempower | empowering / disempowering | — | تمكين ← يمكّن |
| significance | signify | significant | significantly | أهمية ← مهم |
كلمات بتيجي مع بعض (Collocations)
A collocation is two or more words that are often used together, like take responsibility or raise awareness. Using them makes your English sound natural.
الـ collocation يعني «كلمات متجوزة»: بتمشي مع بعض دايمًا. مثلًا بنقول take responsibility مش do responsibility. لو حفظتهم كده كتلة واحدة، كتابتك هتبقى أقوى وهتعرف تكمّل الفراغات بسرعة.
| Collocation | المعنى | Example |
|---|---|---|
| low self-esteem | ثقة قليلة في النفس | Social comparison can lead to low self-esteem. |
| boost mood / confidence | يحسّن المزاج / يرفع الثقة | A brisk walk boosts your mood. |
| reduce stress / anxiety | يقلل الضغط / القلق | Mindfulness reduces stress. |
| cope with pressure | يتعامل مع الضغط | Friends help us cope with pressure. |
| take responsibility for | يتحمل مسؤولية | Take responsibility for your habits. |
| take ownership of | يعتبر الحاجة مسؤوليته هو | She took ownership of her health. |
| a balanced diet | أكل متوازن | A balanced diet includes fruit and vegetables. |
| sleep quality | جودة النوم | Avoiding screens improves sleep quality. |
| maintain healthy behaviours | يحافظ على عادات صحية | It is hard to maintain healthy behaviours during exams. |
| meet the recommended levels | يوصل للمستوى المطلوب | Most teenagers fail to meet the recommended levels. |
| exert pressure on | يضغط على | Adverts exert pressure on young people. |
| play a role in | يلعب دور في | Family plays a role in our lifestyle. |
| be linked to | مرتبط بـ | Poor sleep is linked to anxiety. |
| pay attention to | ياخد باله من / يركّز في | Mindfulness means paying attention to the present. |
Prefixes و Suffixes في الوحدة
A prefix comes at the start of a word and changes its meaning (un- + realistic = unrealistic). A suffix comes at the end and often changes the part of speech (aware + -ness = awareness).
الـ prefix حتة بتتحط في أول الكلمة وبتغيّر معناها (غالبًا بتقلبها للعكس). الـ suffix حتة بتتحط في آخر الكلمة وبتغيّر نوعها (من صفة لاسم، أو من اسم لصفة…). دي أسهل طريقة تعرف بيها نوع الكلمة من غير ما تكون حافظها.
| Prefix / Suffix | بيعمل إيه؟ | Examples from the unit |
|---|---|---|
| un- | بتقلب المعنى للعكس (مش) | unrealistic, unhealthy, unbiased, unexpected |
| ir- / in- | عكس (قبل بعض الكلمات) | irresponsible, inconclusive, inactive |
| dis- | عكس / بيشيل الحاجة | disempowering, disagree |
| under- | أقل من اللازم | underestimated (اتقدّر أقل من قيمته) |
| self- | عن نفسك | self-image, self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-confidence |
| -ness | بتعمل اسم من صفة | mindful → mindfulness, lonely → loneliness, aware → awareness |
| -ist | شخص متخصص | nutritionist, psychologist |
| -able | صفة: ممكن يتعمل | measurable, affordable, comparable |
| -ive | صفة | passive, evaluative, effective |
| -ity / -ment | بتعمل اسم | responsibility, activity · development, measurement |
| -ly | بتعمل ظرف من صفة | regular → regularly, significant → significantly |
مرادفات وأضداد (Synonyms & Antonyms)
A synonym has the same or a similar meaning (fragile = delicate). An antonym has the opposite meaning (mindful ≠ careless).
المراجعات في الكتاب بتسأل سؤالين مشهورين: «The underlined word has an antonymous meaning to…» يعني عكسها إيه، و«Find the word in the text that could meaningfully replace…» يعني مرادفها إيه من القطعة. الجدول ده بيجهزك للاتنين.
| Word | Synonym (نفس المعنى) | Antonym (عكسها) | المعنى بالعربي |
|---|---|---|---|
| mindful | aware / attentive / thoughtful | careless | واعي ومنتبه |
| sedentary | inactive | active | قليل الحركة |
| biased | one-sided / unfair | neutral / fair / objective | منحاز |
| realistic | practical / reasonable | unrealistic | واقعي |
| underestimate | undervalue | overestimate | يقلل من قيمة |
| boost | increase / improve | lower / reduce | يرفع / يقوّي |
| passive | inactive | active | سلبي |
| restrict | limit | allow / permit | يقيّد |
| affordable | cheap / inexpensive | expensive | في المتناول |
| empowering | encouraging | disempowering | بيدّي إحساس بالقدرة |
| conclusive | clear / final | inconclusive | حاسم |
| deliberate | intentional / on purpose | accidental | مقصود |
| genuine | real / true | false / fake | حقيقي |
| anxiety | worry / nervousness | calm / peace of mind | قلق |
كلمات بتتلخبط في بعض
- Screens affect sleep. (verb) · Screens have an effect on sleep. (noun)affect فعل = يأثر على، وeffect اسم = تأثير. بعد a / an / the تيجي effect.
- Teenagers who exercise sleep better. · The exercise was hard.exercise ممكن تكون فعل (يتمرن) أو اسم (تمرين). شوف مكانها في الجملة.
- She felt stressed. · Exams are stressful.stressed = الشخص اللي حاسس بالضغط، وstressful = الحاجة اللي بتعمل ضغط.
- a healthy lifestyle · She eats healthily.healthy صفة قبل الاسم، و healthily ظرف بيوصف الفعل eats.
- self-esteem (how you value yourself) · self-image (how you see yourself)الاتنين قريبين: esteem = تقدير، image = صورة.
- Psychologists advise us… (verb) · They give advice. (noun)advise بالـ s فعل، وadvice بالـ c اسم. وadvice مبتجمعش (مفيش advices).
الكلمات في فقرة واحدة
اقرا الفقرة دي وطلّع الكلمات الجديدة اللي عليها bold. حاول تفهم كل كلمة من الجملة اللي حواليها (meaning in context).
Modern life puts a lot of pressure on teenagers. On social media, many of us see curated photos and fall into social comparison, which can lead to low self-esteem and unrealistic expectations. However, our well-being is also shaped by our daily routine. A sedentary lifestyle, processed food and late nights can cause fatigue and anxiety, while exercise boosts our mood and a few minutes of mindfulness can reduce stress.
Of course, not everything is in our hands. Structural barriers, such as the lack of affordable sports clubs, make healthy choices harder. Still, when we take ownership of our habits and believe in our self-efficacy, we build the resilience we need to cope with pressure. Good mental health is a shared responsibility between individuals, families and schools.
المعنى ببساطة: الحياة الحديثة بتضغط على المراهقين، والسوشيال ميديا بتخلينا نقارن نفسنا بالناس. بس كمان عاداتنا اليومية بتأثر على صحتنا. فيه عوائق في المجتمع، لكن لما نتحمل مسؤولية عاداتنا بنبني مرونة تساعدنا نتعامل مع الضغط. لاحظ إزاي كل كلمة معناها بيبان من الجملة اللي حواليها.
- She has a low self-esteem. ← She has low self-esteem. (من غير a)
- Screens effect our sleep. ← Screens affect our sleep.
- Football is a sedentary hobby. ← Football is an active hobby. (sedentary = قاعد مش بيتحرك)
- The teacher gave me an advice. ← The teacher gave me some advice / a piece of advice.
- He felt stressful. ← He felt stressed.
- We must take responsibility of our health. ← take responsibility for our health.
- Social media is realistically. ← Social media is unrealistic. (بعد is صفة مش ظرف)
- في سؤال meaning in context: اقرا الجملة كلها الأول، وبعدين جرّب كل اختيار مكان الكلمة. اللي يخلّي الجملة منطقية هو الصح.
- في antonymous meaning: دوّر على العكس مش على المرادف. الامتحان ساعات يحط مرادفات كتير في الاختيارات علشان يلخبطك (زي mindful: attentive / aware / thoughtful / careless).
- في correct form: حدد نوع الكلمة المطلوبة من مكانها (اسم؟ فعل؟ صفة؟ ظرف؟)، وبعدين شوف لازم جمع ولا مفرد، ونفي (un- / ir-) ولا لأ.
- في find the word in the text: الكلمة اللي في القطعة لازم تكون نفس نوع الكلمة اللي في السؤال (صفة بصفة، واسم باسم).
إزاي بييجي في الأسئلة؟
الأسئلة في الكتاب والمراجعات (Consolidation Reviews) بتيجي بالأشكال دي. شوف إزاي نحل كل نوع خطوة بخطوة:
النوع 1: Choose the correct answer (meaning in context)
After months of late nights and fast food, Karim felt constant fatigue. What does fatigue mean in this context? a. great happiness b. extreme tiredness c. strong hunger d. deep sleep
الإجابة: b. الجملة بتقول سهر وأكل سريع لشهور، يبقى النتيجة المنطقية تعب شديد. جرّب (a) «حس بسعادة كبيرة» مش منطقية.
النوع 2: Complete with the correct form of the word in brackets
Teenagers who sleep less are more likely to feel ______ before exams. (anxiety)
الإجابة: anxious. بعد feel محتاجين صفة (feel happy / feel tired)، والصفة من anxiety هي anxious.
النوع 3: The underlined word has an antonymous meaning to…
"Gaming for six hours a day is a sedentary hobby." The underlined word has an antonymous meaning to: a. inactive b. lazy c. active d. seated
الإجابة: c. active. sedentary يعني قليل الحركة، و(a) و(b) و(d) معناهم قريب منها. المطلوب العكس = active.
تدريب
حل الأول في كشكول، وبعدين دوس Show answer وشوف الإجابة والسبب.
A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.
1. Nour decided to show her real life online, not only her perfect moments, to fight the ______. a. nudge b. highlight reel effect c. locus of control d. coping strategy
Show answer
b. highlight reel effect — هو إن الناس تنشر أحلى لحظاتها بس.2. "Sleep is often underestimated." This means people ______. a. sleep too much b. do not value sleep enough c. measure their sleep d. never sleep
Show answer
b — underestimated = مش واخد قيمته الحقيقية.3. A teenager who believes that he can change his habits and succeed has strong ______. a. self-efficacy b. fatigue c. peer pressure d. bias
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a. self-efficacy — الثقة إنك تقدر تنجح.4. Putting fruit at the front of the school canteen to encourage healthy choices without forcing anyone is an example of a ______. a. barrier b. restriction c. nudge d. tax
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c. nudge — دفعة خفيفة من غير إجبار. (b) و(d) فيهم إجبار.5. "Some research suggests that social media may affect sleep." The words in bold are examples of ______. a. intensifiers b. absolute words c. hedging d. rhetorical questions
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c. hedging — كلمات فيها حذر (may / suggests).6. Ali has too many tests, clubs and chores this week. He feels ______. a. overwhelmed b. sedentary c. curated d. conclusive
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a. overwhelmed — عنده حاجات كتير مش ملاحق عليها.
B. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in brackets.
7. Regular exercise can help teenagers ______ better in class. (concentration)
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concentrate — بعد help + شخص بييجي فعل في المصدر.8. Many photos online are ______ because they are edited. (realistic)
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unrealistic — المعنى محتاج العكس (الصور متعدلة يبقى مش واقعية).9. Young people should use social media ______. (responsibility)
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responsibly — بيوصف الفعل use يبقى ظرف.10. Talking to friends face to face can build emotional ______. (resilient)
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resilience — بعد الصفة emotional محتاجين اسم.11. The new sleep routine led to ______ results within four weeks. (measure)
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measurable — قبل الاسم results محتاجين صفة.12. Blaming outside forces for everything can be ______. (empower)
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disempowering — بعد can be صفة، والمعنى سلبي (بيضعف الإحساس بالقدرة).13. A ______ diet includes fruit, vegetables and lean proteins. (nutrition)
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nutritious — قبل الاسم diet صفة = مغذّي.
C. Read the text, then find the word in the text that could meaningfully replace the words below, and find antonyms.
Yasmine used to feel worried every evening before school. A school counsellor taught her a simple routine: no phone after nine o'clock and ten minutes of slow breathing. At first, the change seemed small, but after a month the improvement in her sleep was noticeable. She also stopped comparing herself with the perfect images she saw online. Today she feels confident, and she says that taking ownership of her habits was the most empowering decision she has ever made.
14. Find a word that means anxious.
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worried — نفس المعنى (قلقان)، والاتنين صفات.15. Find a word that means measurable.
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noticeable — يعني باين وممكن يتلاحظ. الكتاب نفسه بيعرّف measurable كده.16. Find a word that means usual daily way of doing things.
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routine — روتين.17. Find the antonym of imperfect / flawed.
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perfect — (the perfect images).18. Find the antonym of insecure / unsure of herself.
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confident — واثقة في نفسها.19. Find the antonym of disempowering.
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empowering — بنشيل الـ dis-.
D. Choose the antonym / the correct word.
20. "A mindful user thinks before posting." The underlined word has an antonymous meaning to: a. attentive b. careful c. careless d. aware
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c. careless — الباقي مرادفات.21. "The museum ticket is affordable for students." The antonym of affordable is: a. cheap b. expensive c. reasonable d. free
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b. expensive — affordable = سعره مناسب.22. Which word is closest in meaning to restrict? a. limit b. allow c. boost d. encourage
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a. limit — يقيّد / يحدّ. (b) عكسها.23. Choose the correct word: Late-night scrolling has a negative (affect / effect) on sleep.
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effect — بعد a negative محتاجين اسم.24. Choose the correct word: People from (collectivist / individualistic) cultures often ask their family for help first.
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collectivist — الثقافة الجماعية بتحط العيلة والجماعة الأول.
- اتعلم كل كلمة بمعناها ونوعها وعكسها: mindful ≠ careless · sedentary ≠ active · biased ≠ neutral · realistic ≠ unrealistic.
- مصطلحات الدرس 1.3 مهمة جدًا: agency, self-efficacy, locus of control, structural barriers, resilience, nudge, disempowering.
- حدد الشكل من المكان: بعد feel / be ← صفة (anxious)، بعد صفة ← اسم (resilience)، مع الفعل ← ظرف (responsibly).
- احفظ الكلمات كمجموعات: low self-esteem · take responsibility for · cope with stress · boost mood.
- في المراجعات: «antonymous meaning» = العكس، و«could meaningfully replace» = المرادف من القطعة.
كل دروس المنهج
Grammar · القواعد
- Participial Phrases (-ing / -ed)
- Relative Clauses (who, which, that)
- Conditionals (If… will / would / would have) + hedging
- Gerunds and Infinitives
- Narrative Tenses
- Prepositional Phrases of Place and Time
- Concession Clauses
- The Passive Voice for Formal Reporting
- The Present Perfect (since, for, just, already, yet, ever, never)
- Fronting for Emphasis
- Cause-and-Effect Structures
- Modal Verbs (could, should, may, must)
- Adverbials of Degree and Frequency
- Reported Speech
- Used to / Would (Past Habits)
- The Present Continuous
- Linking Words and Logical Connectors
- The Causative: have / get something done
- So… that / Such… that
- Stative Verbs vs Action Verbs
- Quantifiers (too much / too many, a large amount of, few / little)
Vocabulary & Language · الكلمات واللغة
- Well-being and Mental Health
- Leisure, Screen Time, Arts and Sport
- History, Heritage and Museums
- Brands, Food Waste and Sales Culture
- Climate Change and Renewable Energy
- Global Responsibility and Advocacy
- Passion, Hobbies and Community
- Vocational Education and Careers
- Belonging and Inclusion
- Hidden Costs and Fast Fashion
- Persuasive and Biased Language: intensifiers, rhetorical questions, absolute language
- Hedging and Neutral Language
- Tone, Evaluative Language and Selective Framing
- Concession Language
- Media Literacy: fact, opinion, bias and greenwashing
Reading · القراية
- Reading for Gist and Key Detail
- True / False / Not Given with justification
- Fact, Opinion and Biased Claims
- Identifying Bias in Media Texts
- Rhetorical Devices and Their Effects
- The Writer's Viewpoint and Tone
- Main Argument and Supporting Points
- Cause and Effect in Informational Texts
- Text Types: reports, articles, opinion articles, narratives and profiles
- Vocabulary in Context
- Evaluating the Reliability of Online Content
Listening · الاستماع
- Broadcasts, Podcasts, Radio Programmes and Media Reports
- Listening for Main Ideas and Specific Information
- Stated vs Unstated Information
- The Speaker's Perspective
- Technical Terms in Context
Speaking · الكلام
- Giving and Justifying an Opinion (JRE)
- Acknowledging an Opposing Viewpoint
- Structured Presentations (3–5 minutes)
- Pair and Group Discussions
- Debates
- Role-plays and Pitches
- Reporting Other People's Views
Writing · الكتابة
- The JRE Analytical Paragraph
- Reflective Writing
- Opinion Paragraph
- Diary Entry
- Discursive Paragraph
- Opinion Article
- Review
- Argumentative Paragraph
- Informational Leaflet
- Formal Email
- Persuasive Email
- Proposal
- Discursive Essay
- Blog Post
- Recommendation Report
- Personal Development Plan
- Personal Narrative
- Problem-Solution Paragraph
Literature · الأدب والقصة
- The Lost World — the set novel
- The Lost World · Chapter 1: A Dream of Adventure
- The Lost World · Chapter 2: Professor Challenger's Secret
- The Lost World · Chapter 3: The Expedition Is Chosen
- The Lost World · Chapter 4: Into the Unknown
- The Lost World · Chapter 5: Trapped in the Lost World
- The Lost World · Chapter 6: Malone's Night Adventure
- The Lost World · Chapter 7: Prisoners of the Ape-Men
- The Lost World · Chapter 8: The Battle for the Plateau
- The Lost World · Chapter 9: The Hidden Way Home
- The Lost World · Chapter 10: Proof Before the World
- Literary Extract: “Not Exactly a Relaxing Day”
- Narrative Techniques: simile, contrast and personal voice
- Mood, Tone and the Narrator's Shifting Feelings
- Characters, Themes and Key Events