تانية بكالوريا · Vocabulary · Unit 2
Leisure, Screen Time, Arts and Sport
أهم كلمات Unit 2 (Leisure Time): وقت الشاشات، الفنون، الرياضة، ورحلة العجل على النيل — بالمعنى والعيلة والأضداد وتدريب زي Consolidation Review A.
الدرس ده عن إيه؟
This page collects the key vocabulary of Unit 2: Leisure Time: screen time, the creative arts, sport and physical activity, and the cycling story "Not Exactly a Relaxing Day".
الوحدة دي عن وقت الفراغ (leisure time): بنقضيه إزاي؟ قدام الشاشات، ولا في رسم ومزيكا، ولا في رياضة ومغامرة؟ والكلمات هنا هي اللي بتتكرر في نصوصها وفي مربعات الـ Vocabulary.
كل كلمة معاها معنى إنجليزي بسيط ومعنى بالعربي ومثال. وبعدها عيلة الكلمة (الكتاب نفسه شارحها في الوحدة دي)، والكلمات اللي بتيجي مع بعض، والمرادفات والأضداد، وتدريب بشكل المراجعة.
في الكتاب: Book 1 · Unit 2 (صفحة 39-65). الدروس: 2.1 Screen Time and Young People (Vocabulary صفحة 44)، 2.2 Creative Arts as Leisure Activities (Vocabulary صفحة 50)، 2.3 Sport and Physical Activity as Leisure (فيه شرح Word Families صفحة 56-57)، و2.4 Not Exactly a Relaxing Day (Vocabulary صفحة 61). وبعدها Consolidation Review A (صفحة 66-73) اللي بتسأل في الكلمات دي.
إزاي تذاكر الكلمات دي؟
Do not just memorise a list. Learn each word with its meaning, its form (noun, verb, adjective, adverb), the words that go with it, and its opposite.
- اقرا الكلمة والمعنى بالإنجليزي البسيط الأول، وبعدين المعنى بالعربي. الامتحان بيسألك بالإنجليزي، فلازم تفهم الشرح الإنجليزي.
- بص على المثال وحاول تقول جملة شبهه من دماغك عن حياتك.
- اعرف الكلمة دي اسم ولا فعل ولا صفة. ده بالظبط اللي بيتسأل فيه في «Complete with the correct form».
- احفظ مع كل كلمة عكسها ومرادفها. المراجعات في الكتاب بتسأل «antonymous meaning» و«could meaningfully replace».
- ارجع للكلمات بعد يوم، وبعد 3 أيام، وبعد أسبوع. التكرار ده أحسن من إنك تقعد ساعتين مرة واحدة.
Lesson 2.1 — Screen Time and Young People
الدرس ده عن تأثير الشاشات على الصحة النفسية، وإزاي نعمل توازن (balance) بين الأونلاين والأوفلاين.
| Word | Simple English meaning | المعنى بالعربي | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| leisure (n.) | free time when you are not working or studying | وقت الفراغ | How do you spend your leisure time? |
| passive (adj.) | receiving something without doing much (watching, scrolling) | سلبي (بتتفرج بس) | Streaming series is passive leisure. |
| active (adj.) | involving action, movement or effort | نشيط / فيه مجهود | Sport is an active form of leisure. |
| replicate (v.) | to copy something exactly or make something similar | ينسخ / يعمل زي | Screens cannot replicate a walk in nature. |
| interfere (with) (v.) | to affect something badly or stop it from working well | يتدخل في / يعطّل | Late-night gaming interferes with sleep. |
| fulfilling (adj.) | making you feel happy, satisfied and complete | مُرضي / بيحسسك بالرضا | Painting is a fulfilling hobby. |
| mindful (adj.) | paying conscious attention to the present moment | واعي / منتبه | Be mindful of how long you scroll. |
| boundaries (n.) | limits or rules that show what is acceptable | حدود / قواعد | Set clear boundaries, such as no phones at dinner. |
| withdraw (v.) | to move back or away from people or activities | ينسحب / ينعزل | Some heavy gamers withdraw from their friends. |
| addictive (adj.) | causing a strong need to keep doing or using something | بيعمل إدمان | Some apps are designed to be addictive. |
| anxiety (n.) | an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry | قلق | Heavy social media use is linked to anxiety. |
| gaming disorder (n.) | a health condition where gaming controls a person's life | اضطراب إدمان الألعاب | The WHO recognised gaming disorder in 2019. |
Lesson 2.2 — Creative Arts as Leisure Activities
الدرس ده عن فوايد الرسم والمزيكا والكتابة للعقل والمشاعر والشخصية.
| Word | Simple English meaning | المعنى بالعربي | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| flow (n.) | a state of complete absorption in a meaningful task | حالة الاندماج الكامل (تنسى الوقت) | When I paint, I enter a state of flow. |
| absorption (n.) | giving all your attention to something | استغراق / اندماج | Flow means complete absorption in a task. |
| engagement (n.) | being involved or interested in an activity | مشاركة / اندماج | Thirty minutes of creative engagement reduces stress. |
| cognitive (adj.) | related to thinking, understanding and learning | معرفي / عقلي | Music improves cognitive skills. |
| flexibility (n.) | the ability to change or adapt easily | مرونة | Art builds cognitive flexibility. |
| authentic (adj.) | real and genuine, not false or copied | حقيقي / أصلي | Art gives teenagers a space for authentic self-expression. |
| arena (n.) | a place or situation where an activity happens | ساحة / مجال | Art is a safe arena for exploring who you are. |
| rehearsal (n.) | a practice session before the real performance | بروفة | The choir had three rehearsals before the concert. |
| self-expression (n.) | showing your feelings and ideas | التعبير عن النفس | Calligraphy is a beautiful form of self-expression. |
| collaboration (n.) | working together towards a shared goal | تعاون / شغل جماعي | A drama production needs collaboration. |
| embrace (v.) | to accept something willingly | يتقبّل / يرحّب بـ | The arts teach us to embrace failure. |
| heritage (n.) | traditions and culture passed down from the past | تراث | Arabesque design connects us to our heritage. |
Lesson 2.3 — Sport and Physical Activity as Leisure
الدرس ده عن فوايد الرياضة الجسدية والنفسية والاجتماعية، وليه مراهقين كتير بيبطلوا يلعبوا.
| Word | Simple English meaning | المعنى بالعربي | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| physical activity (n.) | any movement of the body that uses energy | نشاط بدني | Teenagers need 60 minutes of physical activity a day. |
| inactive (adj.) | not moving or exercising much | خامل / مش بيتحرك | Many teenagers are inactive because of screens. |
| participate (in) (v.) | to take part in an activity | يشارك في | Everyone can participate in the school match. |
| competitive (adj.) | involving competition, or wanting to win | تنافسي | You don't have to play competitive sport to stay fit. |
| enjoyment (n.) | the feeling of enjoying something | استمتاع | Enjoyment keeps young people in sport. |
| psychological (adj.) | related to the mind and feelings | نفسي | Team sports have psychological benefits. |
| emotional regulation (n.) | the ability to control your feelings | التحكم في المشاعر | Sport helps with emotional regulation. |
| endurance (n.) | the ability to keep going for a long time | قدرة على التحمّل | Running builds endurance. |
| persevere (v.) | to continue trying even when it is difficult | يثابر / يكمّل رغم الصعوبة | Sport teaches us to persevere. |
| access (to) (n.) | the chance or right to use something | إمكانية الوصول لـ | Not everyone has access to sports facilities. |
| compulsory (adj.) | that must be done because of a rule | إجباري | Should PE be compulsory every day? |
| motivation (n.) | the desire to do something | دافع / حماس | Some students lose motivation to exercise. |
Lesson 2.4 — Not Exactly a Relaxing Day
دي قصة الراوي اللي صاحبه أقنعه يروح رحلة عجل على النيل. الكلمات بتوصف مشاعره وهي بتتغيّر.
| Word | Simple English meaning | المعنى بالعربي | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| insist (on / that) (v.) | to demand firmly that something happens | يصمم / يُصرّ | My friend insisted that I join him. |
| shimmer (v.) | to shine with a soft, slightly moving light | يلمع لمعة هادية | The Nile shimmered in the morning sun. |
| wear on (phr. v.) | to pass slowly (used for time) | الوقت يعدّي ببطء | As the morning wore on, the sun grew stronger. |
| struggle to keep up (phr.) | to find it hard to move at the same speed as someone | يتعب علشان يلحق | I struggled to keep up with my friend. |
| pedal stroke (n.) | one push of the pedal when cycling | دوسة بدّال | I took one more pedal stroke instead of stopping. |
| keep going (phr. v.) | to continue doing something | يكمّل | Step by step, I kept going. |
| give up (phr. v.) | to stop trying | يستسلم / يبطّل | I seriously considered giving up. |
| exhausted (adj.) | extremely tired | مُنهَك / هلكان | I was exhausted but happy. |
| effortless (adj.) | needing no effort, or looking very easy | سهل خالص / من غير مجهود | He made cycling look effortless. |
| determined (adj.) | having a strong will to do something | مصمّم / عنده عزيمة | At the turning point he felt determined. |
| sense of achievement (n.) | a proud feeling after doing something difficult | إحساس بالإنجاز | Finishing the trip gave me a sense of achievement. |
| capable (adj.) | able to do something | قادر | You are more capable than you think. |
- اعمل كارت لكل كلمة: الكلمة على وش، والمعنى والمثال وعكسها على الضهر.
- قسّم الكلمات زي ما الكتاب مقسمها (درس درس)، لأن كل درس ليه موضوع وده بيسهّل الربط.
- استخدم 3 كلمات جديدة كل يوم في جملة عن نفسك، حتى لو جملة بسيطة.
عيلة الكلمة (Word Families)
Word families are groups of words that come from the same root but are different parts of speech: noun, verb, adjective and adverb.
الكتاب في درس 2.3 (صفحة 56) بيقول إن الـ word families هي كلمات ليها نفس الجدر (root) بس نوعها مختلف، ومثاله: action / act / active / actively. معرفتها بتخليك تفهم كلمات جديدة بسرعة وتكتب الشكل الصح. دي أهم عيلات الوحدة:
إزاي تعرف تختار الشكل الصح؟ بص على الكلمة اللي قبل الفراغ واللي بعده:
| لو الفراغ… | يبقى محتاج | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| بعد a / an / the / my / this أو بعد صفة | Noun (اسم) | the importance of sleep · a serious problem |
| بعد الفاعل، أو بعد to، أو بعد can / should / must | Verb (فعل) | Teenagers should reduce screen time. |
| قبل الاسم، أو بعد is / are / become / feel / seem | Adjective (صفة) | a healthy diet · She feels confident. |
| بيوصف فعل أو صفة (إزاي؟ قد إيه؟)، وغالبًا آخره -ly | Adverb (ظرف) | They played competitively. · highly effective |
| Noun (اسم) | Verb (فعل) | Adjective (صفة) | Adverb (ظرف) | المعنى |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| action / activity | act / activate | active / inactive | actively | نشاط ← نشيط |
| participation / participant | participate | — | — | مشاركة ← يشارك |
| competition / competitor | compete | competitive | competitively | منافسة ← ينافس |
| enjoyment | enjoy | enjoyable | enjoyably | استمتاع ← يستمتع |
| creation / creativity | create | creative | creatively | إبداع ← يبدع |
| flexibility | — | flexible | flexibly | مرونة ← مرن |
| benefit | benefit | beneficial | beneficially | فايدة ← مفيد |
| popularity | popularise | popular | popularly | شعبية ← مشهور |
| communication | communicate | communicative | — | تواصل ← يتواصل |
| addiction / addict | — | addictive / addicted | addictively | إدمان ← مُدمن / بيسبب إدمان |
| expression | express | expressive | expressively | تعبير ← يعبّر |
| motivation | motivate | motivated / motivating | — | دافع ← يحفّز |
| exhaustion | exhaust | exhausted / exhausting | — | إرهاق ← يُرهق |
| satisfaction | satisfy | satisfied / satisfying | — | رضا ← يرضي |
| significance | signify | significant | significantly | أهمية ← مهم |
كلمات بتيجي مع بعض (Collocations)
A collocation is two or more words that are often used together, like take responsibility or raise awareness. Using them makes your English sound natural.
الـ collocation يعني «كلمات متجوزة»: بتمشي مع بعض دايمًا. مثلًا بنقول take responsibility مش do responsibility. لو حفظتهم كده كتلة واحدة، كتابتك هتبقى أقوى وهتعرف تكمّل الفراغات بسرعة.
| Collocation | المعنى | Example |
|---|---|---|
| spend time on screens | يقضي وقت على الشاشات | Teenagers spend seven hours a day on screens. |
| set (clear) boundaries | يحط حدود واضحة | Set boundaries like no phones before bed. |
| take a break from | ياخد بريك / يبعد شوية عن | Take a break from your phone every hour. |
| find a balance between | يعمل توازن بين | Find a balance between online and offline life. |
| lose track of time | ينسى الوقت | In a state of flow, you lose track of time. |
| express yourself | يعبّر عن نفسه | Music helps teenagers express themselves. |
| embrace failure | يتقبّل الفشل ويتعلم منه | Artists learn to embrace failure. |
| work towards a shared goal | يشتغل علشان هدف مشترك | An orchestra works towards a shared goal. |
| play an instrument | يعزف على آلة | He learned to play an instrument. |
| join a club / the choir | ينضم لنادي / كورال | She joined the school choir. |
| stay active / keep fit | يفضل نشيط / يحافظ على لياقته | Walking helps you stay active. |
| a sense of achievement | إحساس بالإنجاز | The race gave her a sense of achievement. |
| interfere with sleep / study | يعطّل النوم / المذاكرة | Notifications interfere with study. |
| admit defeat | يعترف إنه اتغلب | He refused to admit defeat. |
Prefixes و Suffixes في الوحدة
A prefix comes at the start of a word and changes its meaning (un- + realistic = unrealistic). A suffix comes at the end and often changes the part of speech (aware + -ness = awareness).
الـ prefix حتة بتتحط في أول الكلمة وبتغيّر معناها (غالبًا بتقلبها للعكس). الـ suffix حتة بتتحط في آخر الكلمة وبتغيّر نوعها (من صفة لاسم، أو من اسم لصفة…). دي أسهل طريقة تعرف بيها نوع الكلمة من غير ما تكون حافظها.
| Prefix / Suffix | بيعمل إيه؟ | Examples from the unit |
|---|---|---|
| in- | عكس | active → inactive |
| un- | عكس | expected → unexpected, even → uneven, willing → unwilling |
| non- | مش / من غير | non-judgemental, non-stop |
| self- | عن نفسك | self-expression, self-esteem |
| -less | صفة = من غير | effort → effortless, meaning → meaningless |
| -ful | صفة = مليان بـ | meaningful, stressful, successful, mindful |
| -ive | صفة | addictive, creative, competitive, cognitive |
| -ment | اسم من فعل | enjoyment, engagement, achievement |
| -tion / -sion | اسم من فعل | participation, collaboration, competition, expression |
| -ity | اسم من صفة | creativity, flexibility, popularity |
| -able | صفة = ممكن / يستاهل | enjoyable, achievable |
| -ed / -ing | -ed = الإحساس، -ing = الحاجة اللي بتسببه | exhausted / exhausting, satisfied / satisfying |
مرادفات وأضداد (Synonyms & Antonyms)
A synonym has the same or a similar meaning (fragile = delicate). An antonym has the opposite meaning (mindful ≠ careless).
المراجعات في الكتاب بتسأل سؤالين مشهورين: «The underlined word has an antonymous meaning to…» يعني عكسها إيه، و«Find the word in the text that could meaningfully replace…» يعني مرادفها إيه من القطعة. الجدول ده بيجهزك للاتنين.
| Word | Synonym (نفس المعنى) | Antonym (عكسها) | المعنى بالعربي |
|---|---|---|---|
| passive | inactive | active | سلبي |
| fulfilling | satisfying / rewarding | unsatisfying / empty | مُرضي |
| authentic | genuine / real | fake / copied | حقيقي |
| replicate | copy / reproduce | — | ينسخ |
| interfere with | disturb / disrupt | help / support | يعطّل |
| withdraw | pull back / move away | join / engage | ينسحب |
| cognitive | mental | physical | عقلي |
| flexibility | adaptability | rigidity | مرونة |
| engagement | involvement / participation | lack of interest | مشاركة / اندماج |
| rehearsal | practice | real performance | بروفة |
| exhausted | worn out / very tired | energetic / full of energy | مرهق |
| effortless | easy | difficult / hard | سهل |
| compulsory | obligatory / required | optional | إجباري |
| persevere | keep going / continue | give up / quit | يثابر |
| embrace | accept / welcome | reject / avoid | يتقبّل |
كلمات بتتلخبط في بعض
- I felt exhausted. · The trip was exhausting.-ed للإحساس اللي جوا الشخص، و-ing للحاجة اللي عملت الإحساس ده. نفس الفكرة: bored / boring, satisfied / satisfying.
- He is addicted to gaming. · Gaming can be addictive.addicted = الشخص المدمن، وaddictive = الحاجة اللي بتعمل إدمان.
- I enjoy painting. · Painting gives me enjoyment. · Painting is enjoyable.enjoy فعل، enjoyment اسم، enjoyable صفة. وخلي بالك: بعد enjoy بييجي -ing.
- The team played competitively. · The competition was hard.الظرف competitively بيوصف الفعل played، والاسم competition بييجي بعد the.
- leisure time · pleasureleisure = وقت الفراغ، و pleasure = متعة. الكلمتين شكلهم قريب.
- I participate in sport. · I take part in sport.الاتنين نفس المعنى. وخلي بالك من حرف الجر in.
الكلمات في فقرة واحدة
اقرا الفقرة دي وطلّع الكلمات الجديدة اللي عليها bold. حاول تفهم كل كلمة من الجملة اللي حواليها (meaning in context).
My leisure time used to be completely passive. I would spend hours on my phone, and the endless videos often interfered with my sleep. Last term, I decided to set boundaries: no screens after ten o'clock. I also joined the school drama club. The rehearsals were long, but the collaboration with my classmates was truly fulfilling, and acting gave me a safe arena for authentic self-expression.
Then my cousin insisted that I try running with him. At first I struggled to keep up, and I was exhausted after ten minutes. However, I kept going and built my endurance week by week. When I finished my first five-kilometre race, I felt a real sense of achievement. I have learned that a balanced life needs both rest and effort, and that I am more capable than I thought.
المعنى ببساطة: الكاتب كان بيقضي وقت فراغه كله على الموبايل، وده كان بيبوّظ نومه. فحط قواعد لنفسه، ودخل نادي تمثيل، وبعدين ابن عمه أصرّ إنه يجري معاه. في الأول تعب جدًا، بس كمّل لحد ما حس بالإنجاز. لاحظ الكلمات اللي بتوصف التحول من passive لـ active.
- I enjoy to paint. ← I enjoy painting. (بعد enjoy دايمًا -ing)
- The film was very bored. ← The film was very boring.
- Gaming interferes my sleep. ← Gaming interferes with my sleep.
- Many students do not participation in sport. ← do not participate in sport. (بعد do not فعل)
- Sport is compulsive at school. ← Sport is compulsory at school. (compulsory = إجباري)
- I felt a sense of achieve. ← a sense of achievement. (بعد of اسم)
- He made it look effortful. ← He made it look effortless. (لو قصدك سهل)
- لما تشوف (word) بين قوسين، اسأل نفسك: قبلها إيه؟ a / the ← اسم، to / can ← فعل، is / feel ← صفة، فعل عادي ← ظرف -ly.
- صفات -ed / -ing بتيجي كتير: الشخص ← -ed (interested)، الحاجة ← -ing (interesting).
- لو السؤال «Find the word in the text that could meaningfully replace…»: الكلمة اللي في السؤال بتكون شرح للكلمة اللي في القطعة. دوّر في القطعة على كلمة من نفس النوع وفي نفس الفقرة اللي السؤال بيقول عليها.
- في قصة 2.4 الكلمات بتوصف مشاعر الراوي: confident ← relaxed ← uncertain ← tempted to quit ← determined ← satisfied. ممكن تيجي في سؤال «How did his feelings change?».
إزاي بييجي في الأسئلة؟
الأسئلة في الكتاب والمراجعات (Consolidation Reviews) بتيجي بالأشكال دي. شوف إزاي نحل كل نوع خطوة بخطوة:
النوع 1: Meaning in context
The orchestra held two rehearsals before the concert. What does rehearsal mean in this context? a. a written review b. a practice session before a performance c. a competition d. a public concert
الإجابة: b. «قبل الحفلة» يبقى أكيد تدريب / بروفة. (d) هي الحفلة نفسها مش اللي قبلها.
النوع 2: Complete with the correct form
Creative hobbies improve cognitive ______ and help people adapt to change. (flexible)
الإجابة: flexibility. بعد الصفة cognitive محتاجين اسم. ونحوّل الصفة flexible لاسم بـ -ity.
النوع 3: Find the word in the text that could meaningfully replace…
Text: "Drama gives students a safe space where they can share genuine feelings." Which word from the list could replace genuine? authentic / arena / cognitive / rehearsal
الإجابة: authentic. genuine صفة معناها حقيقي، والصفة الوحيدة اللي بنفس المعنى في القايمة هي authentic. arena و rehearsal أسماء، وcognitive معناها عقلي.
تدريب
حل الأول في كشكول، وبعدين دوس Show answer وشوف الإجابة والسبب.
A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.
1. When Salma paints, she forgets about time and gives the work all her attention. She is in a state of ______. a. withdrawal b. flow c. fatigue d. anxiety
Show answer
b. flow — الاندماج الكامل اللي بيخليك تنسى الوقت.2. Rules such as "no phones at the dinner table" are examples of screen-time ______. a. rehearsals b. arenas c. boundaries d. heritage
Show answer
c. boundaries — حدود وقواعد.3. Some apps use autoplay so that users find it hard to stop. These apps are designed to be ______. a. addictive b. authentic c. cognitive d. compulsory
Show answer
a. addictive — بيعملوا إدمان.4. "As the afternoon wore on, the heat became unbearable." This means the afternoon ______. a. ended suddenly b. passed slowly c. became cooler d. started
Show answer
b — wear on للوقت لما يعدّي ببطء.5. Omar did not want to admit defeat, so he ______. a. gave up b. called a taxi c. kept going d. withdrew
Show answer
c. kept going — كمّل. الباقي معناهم إنه استسلم.6. Many teenagers have no ______ to sports clubs because of cost and location. a. access b. flow c. arena d. endurance
Show answer
a. access — إمكانية الوصول. خلي بالك من access to.
B. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in brackets.
7. Young people find sport more ______ when they choose it freely. (enjoy)
Show answer
enjoyable — بعد more ومع find + شيء + صفة.8. Students who participate ______ in clubs make more friends. (active)
Show answer
actively — بيوصف الفعل participate يبقى ظرف.9. The ______ of TikTok has changed the way teenagers communicate. (popular)
Show answer
popularity — بعد The وقبل of يبقى اسم.10. After the long ride, the narrator felt ______ but satisfied. (exhaust)
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exhausted — إحساس الشخص ← -ed.11. Online interaction can be ______ if it is used wisely. (benefit)
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beneficial — بعد can be صفة.12. Art lessons encourage creative ______ among students. (express)
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expression — بعد الصفة creative اسم.13. The coach tries to ______ players who are losing interest. (motivation)
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motivate — بعد tries to فعل في المصدر.
C. Read the text, then find words in the text.
When Hassan started secondary school, he spent most evenings gaming alone in his room, and slowly he began to withdraw from his old friends. His mother did not ban the games. Instead, she helped him agree on clear limits: one hour a day and never before homework. Hassan then signed up for the school football team. The training was tough and he nearly quit in the first week, but he decided to persevere. By the end of the term, he described football as the most satisfying part of his week, and his marks had improved too.
14. Find a word that means boundaries.
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limits — clear limits = حدود واضحة.15. Find a word that means fulfilling.
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satisfying — الاتنين صفات بمعنى مُرضي.16. Find a word that means joined.
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signed up for — اشترك في.17. Find the antonym of give up.
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persevere — ثابر وكمّل.18. Find the antonym of easy.
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tough — صعب.19. Find the antonym of join / engage with.
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withdraw (from) — ينسحب ويبعد.
D. Choose the antonym / the correct word.
20. "Watching series all day is passive leisure." The antonym of passive is: a. inactive b. active c. relaxing d. sedentary
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b. active — الباقي قريبين من passive.21. "His friend made the long ride look effortless." The underlined word has an antonymous meaning to: a. easy b. simple c. difficult d. smooth
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c. difficult — effortless = سهل.22. "PE should be compulsory every day." The antonym of compulsory is: a. required b. optional c. obligatory d. necessary
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b. optional — اختياري.23. Choose the correct word: The film was so (bored / boring) that I fell asleep.
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boring — الفيلم هو اللي بيسبب الملل ← -ing.24. Choose the correct word: Screens cannot (replicate / interfere) the feeling of sitting by the Nile.
Show answer
replicate — يعمل زيها بالظبط. interfere محتاجة with ومعناها يعطّل.
- Lesson 2.1: replicate, interfere with, fulfilling, mindful, boundaries, withdraw, addictive, anxiety.
- Lesson 2.2: engagement, cognitive, flexibility, authentic, arena, rehearsal, flow · Lesson 2.4: insisted, wore on, struggled to keep up, shimmered, pedal stroke, sense of achievement.
- Word families: participate → participation، compete → competitive → competitively، enjoy → enjoyment → enjoyable، flexible → flexibility.
- صفات -ed للإحساس و-ing للسبب (exhausted / exhausting). وبعد enjoy / avoid / suggest ← -ing.
- أضداد مهمة: passive ≠ active · effortless ≠ difficult · compulsory ≠ optional · persevere ≠ give up · authentic ≠ fake.
كل دروس المنهج
Grammar · القواعد
- Participial Phrases (-ing / -ed)
- Relative Clauses (who, which, that)
- Conditionals (If… will / would / would have) + hedging
- Gerunds and Infinitives
- Narrative Tenses
- Prepositional Phrases of Place and Time
- Concession Clauses
- The Passive Voice for Formal Reporting
- The Present Perfect (since, for, just, already, yet, ever, never)
- Fronting for Emphasis
- Cause-and-Effect Structures
- Modal Verbs (could, should, may, must)
- Adverbials of Degree and Frequency
- Reported Speech
- Used to / Would (Past Habits)
- The Present Continuous
- Linking Words and Logical Connectors
- The Causative: have / get something done
- So… that / Such… that
- Stative Verbs vs Action Verbs
- Quantifiers (too much / too many, a large amount of, few / little)
Vocabulary & Language · الكلمات واللغة
- Well-being and Mental Health
- Leisure, Screen Time, Arts and Sport
- History, Heritage and Museums
- Brands, Food Waste and Sales Culture
- Climate Change and Renewable Energy
- Global Responsibility and Advocacy
- Passion, Hobbies and Community
- Vocational Education and Careers
- Belonging and Inclusion
- Hidden Costs and Fast Fashion
- Persuasive and Biased Language: intensifiers, rhetorical questions, absolute language
- Hedging and Neutral Language
- Tone, Evaluative Language and Selective Framing
- Concession Language
- Media Literacy: fact, opinion, bias and greenwashing
Reading · القراية
- Reading for Gist and Key Detail
- True / False / Not Given with justification
- Fact, Opinion and Biased Claims
- Identifying Bias in Media Texts
- Rhetorical Devices and Their Effects
- The Writer's Viewpoint and Tone
- Main Argument and Supporting Points
- Cause and Effect in Informational Texts
- Text Types: reports, articles, opinion articles, narratives and profiles
- Vocabulary in Context
- Evaluating the Reliability of Online Content
Listening · الاستماع
- Broadcasts, Podcasts, Radio Programmes and Media Reports
- Listening for Main Ideas and Specific Information
- Stated vs Unstated Information
- The Speaker's Perspective
- Technical Terms in Context
Speaking · الكلام
- Giving and Justifying an Opinion (JRE)
- Acknowledging an Opposing Viewpoint
- Structured Presentations (3–5 minutes)
- Pair and Group Discussions
- Debates
- Role-plays and Pitches
- Reporting Other People's Views
Writing · الكتابة
- The JRE Analytical Paragraph
- Reflective Writing
- Opinion Paragraph
- Diary Entry
- Discursive Paragraph
- Opinion Article
- Review
- Argumentative Paragraph
- Informational Leaflet
- Formal Email
- Persuasive Email
- Proposal
- Discursive Essay
- Blog Post
- Recommendation Report
- Personal Development Plan
- Personal Narrative
- Problem-Solution Paragraph
Literature · الأدب والقصة
- The Lost World — the set novel
- The Lost World · Chapter 1: A Dream of Adventure
- The Lost World · Chapter 2: Professor Challenger's Secret
- The Lost World · Chapter 3: The Expedition Is Chosen
- The Lost World · Chapter 4: Into the Unknown
- The Lost World · Chapter 5: Trapped in the Lost World
- The Lost World · Chapter 6: Malone's Night Adventure
- The Lost World · Chapter 7: Prisoners of the Ape-Men
- The Lost World · Chapter 8: The Battle for the Plateau
- The Lost World · Chapter 9: The Hidden Way Home
- The Lost World · Chapter 10: Proof Before the World
- Literary Extract: “Not Exactly a Relaxing Day”
- Narrative Techniques: simile, contrast and personal voice
- Mood, Tone and the Narrator's Shifting Feelings
- Characters, Themes and Key Events