تانية بكالوريا · Vocabulary · Unit 10

Hidden Costs and Fast Fashion

أهم كلمات Unit 10 (Behind the Buy) عن التكاليف الخفية والموضة السريعة والاستهلاك الواعي، بالمعنى الإنجليزي والعربي وأمثلة وتدريبات زي Review E.

تانية بكالوريا English

الدرس ده عن إيه؟

This page collects the key vocabulary of Unit 10: Behind the Buy. Each word has a simple English meaning, the Arabic meaning and a short example. Then you will practise word families, collocations, prefixes and suffixes, synonyms and antonyms.

الصفحة دي فيها أهم كلمات Unit 10: Behind the Buy، متقسمة حسب دروس الوحدة. الوحدة بتتكلم عن الاستهلاك الخفي (invisible consumption): التكاليف اللي مش مكتوبة على الفاتورة، زي التلوث وتعب العمال والزبالة، وعن الموضة السريعة (fast fashion)، والشرا علشان اللايكات، والحركات الشعبية اللي بتصلّح وتبدّل بدل ما ترمي.

الكلمات دي متاخدة من نصوص الوحدة وجداول الـ Vocabulary وMedia Analysis: Key Concepts في الكتاب: 10.1 Hidden Cost of a Click (التوصيل المجاني والمرتجعات)، 10.2 Chasing Validation (الشرا علشان اللايكات)، 10.3 The True Price of Fast Fashion (التيشيرت الرخيص)، 10.4 Rethinking What We Buy (ثريد FixItTogetherEG وحركة الـ swap)، وكمان Consolidation Review E.

إزاي تذاكر الكلمات صح؟

Do not learn a word alone. Learn its meaning in context, its family (noun, verb, adjective, adverb) and the words that usually go with it (collocations).

أسئلة الكتاب والمراجعات مش بتسألك «ترجم الكلمة» وخلاص. بتحطلك الكلمة جوه جملة وتسألك معناها في السياق ده (What does … mean in this context?)، أو تطلب منك تغيّر شكل الكلمة (noun / adjective / adverb)، أو تطلع مرادف أو عكس من قطعة. علشان كده ذاكر كل كلمة بالطريقة دي:

اقرا المثال الأول وافهم الكلمة من الجملة قبل ما تبص على الترجمة.
احفظ المعنى الإنجليزي البسيط، لأن الاختيارات في الـ MCQ بتيجي تعريفات بالإنجليزي.
اعرف عيلة الكلمة: الاسم والفعل والصفة والظرف.
اعرف الكلمة بتيجي مع إيه (collocation) زي make an informed choice مش do an informed choice.
اكتب جملة بنفسك عن موضوع الوحدة بكل كلمة جديدة. الكتاب بيطلب كده في Practice: Write FOUR sentences using words from the text.

كلمات 10.1: The Hidden Cost of a Click

النص بيشرح اللي بيحصل بين ما تدوس buy now ولحد ما الطرد يوصل بابك: مخازن وعمال وعربيات نص فاضية ومرتجعات بتترمي.

Word / phrase	Meaning / use
convenience	السهولة / الراحة · the quality of being easy, quick or effortless · مثال: Online shopping offers great convenience.
fulfilment centre	مركز تجهيز الطلبات (مخزن ضخم) · a large warehouse where online orders are prepared · مثال: Workers walk kilometres in a fulfilment centre. (الكتاب بيكتبها fulfillment center)
emissions	انبعاثات (غازات ملوِّثة) · gases released into the air, often causing pollution · مثال: Delivery vans produce carbon emissions.
landfill	مقلب زبالة (مدفن نفايات) · a site where waste is buried · مثال: Returned clothes are often sent to landfill.
inherently	بطبيعته · by its very nature · مثال: Online shopping is not inherently wrong.
consolidated	مجمّع في شحنة واحدة · combined into a single, more efficient unit · مثال: Consolidated orders mean fewer van trips.
informed (choice)	(اختيار) مبني على معرفة · having enough accurate knowledge to decide sensibly · مثال: Shoppers need facts to make an informed choice.
warehouse	مخزن · a large building where goods are stored · مثال: The item waits in a warehouse.
parcel	طرد · a wrapped package sent by post · مثال: The parcel arrived two days later.
refund	استرداد الفلوس · money given back when you return something · مثال: The customer gets a free, painless refund.
restock	يرجّع للمخزون · to put goods back on sale · مثال: It is cheaper to destroy an item than to restock it.
checkout	مكان / مرحلة الدفع · the point where you pay for what you buy · مثال: The real cost does not appear at checkout.

كلمات 10.2: Chasing Validation

التسجيل عن الشرا علشان رد فعل الناس على السوشيال ميديا مش علشان الحاجة نفسها.

Word / phrase	Meaning / use
validation	القبول / الاعتراف (من الناس) · approval or recognition from other people · مثال: Some teenagers post to get validation.
validation-driven buying	الشرا علشان استحسان الناس · buying motivated by the wish for approval · مثال: Validation-driven buying is shaped by likes.
anticipated	متوقَّع · expected before it happens · مثال: She bought it for the anticipated reaction.
anxiety	قلق · a feeling of worry or nervousness · مثال: Posting every day can cause anxiety.
disguised (as)	متنكّر في شكل / متخبّي · hidden or made to look like something else · مثال: Adverts arrive disguised as friendship.
dopamine	الدوبامين (مادة السعادة في المخ) · a chemical in the brain linked to pleasure and reward · مثال: Each like releases a little dopamine.
implicit	ضمني (مش مقول صراحة) · suggested but not directly stated · مثال: The post has an implicit message: buy this.
persuasive	مقنع · able to make someone believe or do something · مثال: Influencers can be more persuasive than adverts.
influencer marketing	التسويق عن طريق المؤثرين · selling products through popular social media users · مثال: Influencer marketing feels like advice from a friend.
audience	الجمهور · the people who watch or read something · مثال: Some purchases satisfy an audience, not a need.

كلمات 10.3: The True Price of Fast Fashion

النص بيحسب التكلفة الحقيقية لتيشيرت رخيص: أكتر من 2500 لتر مية، وأجور قليلة، وهدوم بتترمي بعد 7 لـ 10 لبسات.

Word / phrase	Meaning / use
fast fashion	الموضة السريعة · cheap clothes made quickly to follow new trends · مثال: Fast fashion is worn only a few times.
garment	قطعة ملابس · a piece of clothing · مثال: Each garment has a hidden cost.
textile	نسيج / قماش · a type of cloth or woven fabric · مثال: The textile industry uses huge amounts of water.
bargain	لقطة (حاجة رخيصة) · something bought for less than its usual price · مثال: A T-shirt for the price of a coffee looks like a bargain.
living wage	أجر يكفي للمعيشة · pay that is enough for a decent life · مثال: Many workers earn a fraction of a living wage.
compressed	مضغوط / متقلّص · reduced or squeezed into a smaller amount · مثال: Labour costs are compressed to keep prices low.
disposable	بيترمي بعد الاستعمال · designed to be thrown away after use · مثال: Cheap clothes feel disposable.
incinerated	اتحرق (اتخلصوا منه بالحرق) · burned deliberately to destroy waste · مثال: Tons of clothes are incinerated every year.
synthetic fibres	ألياف صناعية · man-made threads like polyester · مثال: Synthetic fibres make recycling difficult.
second-hand	مستعمل (الكتاب بيكتبها secondhand) · previously owned by someone else · مثال: Buying second-hand reduces waste.
sustainable	مستدام (مش بيضر البيئة) · able to continue without lasting damage to the environment · مثال: Some brands sell sustainable collections.
greenwashing	الغسيل الأخضر (ادعاء كاذب إنه صديق للبيئة) · making a company look more eco-friendly than it really is · مثال: Critics call these claims greenwashing.

كلمات 10.4: Rethinking What We Buy

ثريد عن Repair Café في المعادي صلّح 34 حاجة ببلاش، وتسجيل عن جروب Buy Nothing اللي الناس بتبدّل فيه حاجاتها.

Word / phrase	Meaning / use
circular economy	الاقتصاد الدائري · a system that reuses and repairs products instead of throwing them away · مثال: Repair cafés support a circular economy.
repair café	مقهى التصليح · an event where volunteers fix broken things for free · مثال: The repair café fixed toasters and backpacks.
mindful consumption	الاستهلاك الواعي · buying with awareness of the wider impact · مثال: Mindful consumption means asking "Do I need it?"
minimalism	البساطة (التقليل من الممتلكات) · a lifestyle of owning fewer, carefully chosen things · مثال: Minimalism helps families save money.
swap event	فعالية تبادل · a gathering where people exchange things instead of buying · مثال: She gave away a jacket at a swap event.
informal	مش رسمي · not part of an official system · مثال: The swap group is completely informal.
suspicious	متشكك / مريب · feeling that something may be wrong · مثال: People are suspicious of free things.
catch (noun)	عيب خفي (فيها إن) · a hidden problem in something that seems good · مثال: "It's free? What's the catch?"
estimate	يقدّر تقريبًا / تقدير · to judge the approximate amount of something · مثال: Organisers estimate they saved two tons of waste.
tons	أطنان (بالبريطاني بتتكتب كمان tonnes) · large units of weight · مثال: Tons of clothes end up in landfill.
industrial	صناعي (على نطاق المصانع) · relating to large-scale factory production · مثال: Swap groups cannot replace industrial change.

عيلة الكلمة (Word Families)

Many questions ask for the correct form of the word in brackets. Learn the noun, verb, adjective and adverb together.

الجدول ده فيه أشهر عيلات الكلمات في الوحدة. أهم عيلة هي consume لأنها موضوع الوحدة كلها:

Verb	Noun	Adjective	Adverb	المعنى
consume	consumption / consumer (person)	—	—	يستهلك / استهلاك
—	convenience	convenient / inconvenient	conveniently	سهولة / مريح
emit	emission	—	—	يطلق (غازات) / انبعاث
inform	information	informed / informative	—	يبلّغ / معلومات
persuade	persuasion	persuasive	persuasively	يقنع / إقناع
anticipate	anticipation	anticipated	—	يتوقع / توقع
—	anxiety	anxious	anxiously	قلق / قلقان
validate	validation	valid	—	يؤكّد / قبول
dispose (of)	disposal	disposable	—	يتخلص من / تخلص
suspect	suspicion	suspicious	suspiciously	يشك / شك
produce	production / product	productive	productively	ينتج / إنتاج
—	industry	industrial	industrially	صناعة / صناعي
waste	waste	wasteful	wastefully	يهدر / هدر
—	mind	mindful	mindfully	واعي
rely (on)	reliability	reliable	reliably	يعتمد / موثوق

إزاي أعرف محتاج أنهي شكل من الكلمة؟

Look at the word before and after the gap. The position tells you if you need a noun, a verb, an adjective or an adverb.

في سؤال Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in brackets بص على مكان الفراغ:

قبل الفراغ / بعده	محتاج إيه؟	مثال
a / an / the / my / effective + ___	اسم (noun) وغالبًا بيكون بعد صفة	effective conservation
___ + اسم	صفة (adjective)	measurable results
فاعل + ___ (والجملة ناقصها فعل)	فعل (verb) في الزمن الصح	Volunteers conserve water.
فعل + ___ أو ___ + صفة	ظرف (adverb) وغالبًا آخره -ly	grow rapidly / highly skilled
is / are / become / feel + ___	صفة في الغالب	The plan is sustainable.
preposition (of / for / in / about) + ___	اسم أو -ing	the need for cooperation

كلمات بتيجي مع بعض (Collocations)

A collocation is a group of words that native speakers usually use together. Using them makes your writing sound natural.

الـ collocation يعني كلمتين «متجوزين»: لازم تستخدمهم مع بعض. احفظهم كده:

Collocation	المعنى	مثال
next-day delivery	توصيل تاني يوم	Next-day delivery has a carbon cost.
free returns	إرجاع مجاني	Are free returns really free?
make an informed choice	ياخد قرار عن معرفة	Shoppers cannot make an informed choice without facts.
hidden costs	تكاليف خفية	Cheap clothes have many hidden costs.
end up in landfill	ينتهي في مقلب الزبالة	Most fast fashion ends up in landfill.
carbon footprint	البصمة الكربونية	Slower delivery reduces our carbon footprint.
chase likes / validation	يجري ورا اللايكات	Some teens chase likes with every purchase.
pay a living wage	يدفع أجر يكفي المعيشة	Factories should pay a living wage.
flash sales	تخفيضات لفترة قصيرة جدًا	Flash sales push people to buy quickly.
buy second-hand	يشتري مستعمل	Buying second-hand saves water.
reduce waste	يقلّل الهدر	Repair cafés reduce waste.
impulse buying	الشرا من غير تفكير	Ads encourage impulse buying.
mend / fix broken items	يصلّح الحاجات المكسورة	Volunteers fix broken items for free.

البادئات واللواحق (Prefixes & Suffixes)

A prefix comes at the start of a word and often changes its meaning. A suffix comes at the end and often changes the word class (noun, adjective…).

الوحدة دي مليانة كلمات بتبدأ بـ re- (تاني) لأنها عن إعادة الاستخدام:

الجزء	معناه	أمثلة من الوحدة
re- (prefix)	تاني / من جديد	repair, reuse, recycle, resell, restock, repackage
over- (prefix)	زيادة عن اللزوم	overconsumption, overpriced, overbuy
up- (prefix)	لأعلى / للأحسن	upcycling (تحويل حاجة قديمة لحاجة أحسن)
un- / in- (prefix)	مش	unaware, unseen, unchanged, invisible, inconvenient
mis- (prefix)	غلط	misleading, misinformation
-able (suffix)	صفة: ممكن	disposable, sustainable, affordable, reusable
-ism (suffix)	اسم: فكرة أو أسلوب	minimalism, consumerism
-er (suffix)	شخص	consumer, mender, influencer, buyer
-ful (suffix)	صفة	mindful, wasteful, harmful
-tion / -sion (suffix)	اسم	consumption, emission, validation, persuasion
-ly (suffix)	ظرف	inherently, deliberately, overwhelmingly

المرادفات والأضداد (Synonyms & Antonyms)

Reviews ask for synonyms and antonyms in context, or which situation best shows a word's meaning.

Word	Synonym (نفس المعنى)	Antonym (العكس)	المعنى
cheap	inexpensive / low-cost	expensive	رخيص
disposable	throwaway	durable / long-lasting	بيترمي
second-hand	used / pre-owned	brand-new	مستعمل
informed	aware	unaware / uninformed	واعي
implicit	implied / indirect	explicit / direct	ضمني
disguised	hidden	open / obvious	متخبي
anticipated	expected	unexpected	متوقع
suspicious	doubtful / distrustful	trusting	متشكك
informal	unofficial	formal / official	مش رسمي
consolidated	combined	separate	مجمّع
invisible	hidden / unseen	visible	مخفي
compressed	squeezed / reduced	expanded	مضغوط
persuasive	convincing	unconvincing	مقنع
mindful	conscious / aware	careless / thoughtless	واعي

فقرة بالكلمات الجديدة

اقرا الفقرة دي وركّز على الكلمات اللي بالـ bold. كلها من الوحدة:

Last month, Laila saw a dress on a flash sale for just 150 pounds. It looked like a bargain, and an influencer she followed was wearing the same one. The anticipated likes made the dress even more attractive. However, before she reached checkout, she remembered a lesson about fast fashion. A single cheap garment can use thousands of litres of water, and many workers do not earn a living wage. Clothes like this are often worn a few times and then end up in landfill.

Laila decided to make an informed choice. She went to a swap event at her youth centre instead, and she found a second-hand dress in perfect condition. Some of her friends were suspicious at first: "What's the catch?" But there was none. Laila now believes that mindful consumption is not about buying nothing. It is about seeing the hidden costs that the price tag never shows.

لاحظ: الفقرة فيها collocations زي make an informed choice وend up in landfill وhidden costs، وكلمات بعكس بعض زي second-hand و brand-new.

أشهر الأخطاء (غلط ← صح)

✗ Responsible consume can reduce waste. ← ✓ Responsible consumption can reduce waste. (بعد صفة = اسم)
✗ consumer = الاستهلاك ← ✓ consumer = المستهلك (شخص)، consumption = الاستهلاك
✗ disposal plates ← ✓ disposable plates (قبل الاسم = صفة). disposal = التخلص من الحاجة
✗ The ad is persuade. ← ✓ The ad is persuasive.
✗ green washing = غسيل بالمية ← ✓ greenwashing = ادعاء كاذب إن الشركة صديقة للبيئة
✗ a large number of water ← ✓ a large amount of water (المية مش بتتعد)

حيلة سريعة للحفظ وللامتحان

re- = تاني: كل كلمة بتبدأ بيها في الوحدة دي معناها «نعمل الحاجة تاني بدل ما نرمي».
implicit ↔ explicit: implicit = مفهوم من غير ما يتقال، explicit = متقال صراحة.
في سؤال Which situation best reflects the meaning (زي emission في Review E): ترجم الكلمة الأول، وبعدين دوّر على الموقف اللي فيه نفس الفكرة بالظبط (غازات ودخان طالع في الهوا).

إزاي بييجي في الأسئلة؟

الأسئلة في الكتاب والمراجعات بتيجي بالأشكال دي. هنحل مثال لكل شكل:

1) Which situation best reflects the meaning of the word?

"Our town's emissions have doubled in ten years." Which situation best reflects the meaning of "emissions"?

a. A shop stores boxes in a large warehouse. b. A factory releases thick smoke and gases all day. c. A market is full of loud noise. d. A customer returns a dress for a refund.

الإجابة: b. emissions = غازات ودخان بيطلعوا في الهوا. الاختيارات التانية فيها كلمات من الوحدة (warehouse / refund) بس معناها مختلف.

2) Choose the correct answer: A fashion brand advertises one "green" jacket while most of its clothes still pollute rivers. This is called…

a. minimalism b. upcycling c. greenwashing d. citizen science

الإجابة: c. greenwashing. الكلمة اتشرحت في 10.3 والمراجعة بتسأل عليها بالتعريف.

3) Complete the sentence using the correct form of the word in brackets.

Responsible ________ (consume) can reduce waste and unnecessary purchases.

الإجابة: consumption. بعد الصفة responsible وقبل الفعل can محتاجين اسم (فاعل).

تدريب

A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.

1. Validation-driven buying is shaped by the reaction a person expects from an online audience. "Validation-driven" means ________. a. based on usefulness b. controlled by laws c. motivated by the desire for approval d. caused by a lack of products
Show answer
c — الشرا علشان استحسان الناس.
2. A large warehouse where online orders are prepared for delivery is a ________. a. landfill b. fulfilment centre c. repair café d. swap event
Show answer
b. fulfilment centre
3. Plastic cups that are designed to be thrown away after one use are ________. a. durable b. second-hand c. disposable d. consolidated
Show answer
c. disposable
4. The advert does not say "buy this", but its message is clear. The message is ________. a. implicit b. explicit c. compressed d. industrial
Show answer
a. implicit — مفهوم من غير ما يتقال.
5. An economic system that aims to reuse and repair products rather than discard them is a ________. a. fast fashion b. circular economy c. labour market d. flash sale
Show answer
b. circular economy
6. When people were offered free items, some asked, "What's the catch?" Here "catch" means ________. a. a hidden problem b. a big discount c. a type of fish d. a delivery date
Show answer
a. a hidden problem — عيب خفي.
7. Shoppers who know the real cost of a product can make a/an ________ choice. a. disguised b. informed c. suspicious d. anxious
Show answer
b. informed

B. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in brackets.

8. Influencer posts can be more ________ (persuade) than traditional adverts.
Show answer
persuasive — بعد more صفة.
9. Many young people feel ________ (anxiety) when their posts get few likes.
Show answer
anxious — بعد feel صفة.
10. Online shopping offers ________ (convenient) for people with limited mobility.
Show answer
convenience — بعد offers اسم مفعول به.
11. Cars and factories release harmful ________ (emit).
Show answer
emissions — بعد صفة harmful اسم جمع.
12. Swap groups are useful, but they cannot replace large-scale ________ (industry) change.
Show answer
industrial — قبل الاسم change صفة.
13. The organisers checked every photo to improve the ________ (rely) of their posts.
Show answer
reliability — بعد the وقبل of اسم.

C. Find words in the text that are synonyms or antonyms of the words below.

Nada used to buy brand-new clothes every month. The adverts looked friendly, but their real aim was hidden. One day, she joined an unofficial swap group in her neighbourhood. At first she was doubtful, but the members were kind and convincing. Now she keeps her clothes for years because she wants them to be long-lasting.

14. An antonym of "second-hand"
Show answer
brand-new
15. A synonym of "disguised"
Show answer
hidden
16. A synonym of "informal"
Show answer
unofficial
17. A synonym of "suspicious"
Show answer
doubtful
18. An antonym of "disposable"
Show answer
long-lasting

D. Complete the sentences using words from the box.

greenwashing – landfill – living wage – bargain – mindful consumption – swap event

19. A T-shirt for the price of a coffee looks like a ________.
Show answer
bargain
20. Thousands of returned items are sent to ________ every year.
Show answer
landfill
21. Garment workers should earn a ________, not a fraction of it.
Show answer
living wage
22. A brand that sells one small eco-friendly line while polluting the rest of the time may be guilty of ________.
Show answer
greenwashing
23. At the ________, people exchanged books and clothes instead of buying new ones.
Show answer
swap event
24. ________ means thinking about the wider impact before you buy.
Show answer
Mindful consumption

ملخص الدرس في سطرين

كلمات الوحدة بتدور حول: الشرا أونلاين (convenience, emissions, landfill, informed)، اللايكات (validation, anticipated, implicit, persuasive)، الموضة السريعة (garment, living wage, disposable, greenwashing) والحلول (circular economy, repair café, swap event, mindful consumption).
عيلة consume: consume (فعل) / consumption (الاستهلاك) / consumer (المستهلك).
disposable ↔ durable، second-hand ↔ brand-new، implicit ↔ explicit، informal ↔ official.
في سؤال which situation best reflects ترجم الكلمة الأول ودوّر على نفس الفكرة بالظبط.

كل دروس المنهج

Grammar · القواعد

Vocabulary & Language · الكلمات واللغة

Reading · القراية

Listening · الاستماع

Speaking · الكلام

Writing · الكتابة

Literature · الأدب والقصة