Concession Clauses

تانية بكالوريا English

الدرس ده عن إيه؟

A concession clause shows that the writer knows the opposite idea and accepts part of it politely, before giving his or her own point of view. We use words like although, even though, despite, while it is true that, admittedly and it may be argued that.

كلمة concession معناها «تنازل» أو «اعتراف». يعني إنك تعترف بالرأي التاني الأول بأدب، وبعدين تقول رأيك أنت. زي ما تقول: «صحيح إن المتحف بعيد، بس الزيارة تستاهل».

في الكتاب الدرس ده في Unit 3: Echoes of the Past، Lesson 3.2، جزء Writing in Action: Concession Clauses (صفحة 86)، ومطلوب تستخدمه في الـ Discursive Paragraph (لازم 3 concession clauses على الأقل) وفي الـ Presentation والـ Summative Essay (صفحة 99) وفي Consolidation Review B.

الكتاب بيقول إن الكتابة الأكاديمية والصحفية الكويسة بتعترف بالـ counterarguments (الآراء المعارضة) قبل ما ترد عليها، وده بيبيّن إن الكاتب واعي بوجهات النظر التانية ومش متعصب لرأيه.

الفكرة ببساطة: «رغم إن… إلا إن…»

A concession sentence has two parts: the opposite idea (the concession) + your main idea. The main idea is the stronger part.

أي جملة concession فيها جزئين:

1. الجزء الأول = الرأي التاني أو المشكلة (اللي إنت بتعترف بيه): «رغم إن المتحف كبير جدًا…»
2. الجزء التاني = رأيك أو الفكرة الأهم: «…الزوار بيلاقوا طريقهم بسهولة».

الجزء التاني هو الأقوى وهو اللي القارئ بيفتكره. علشان كده بنحط رأينا في الآخر.

• Although the GEM is very large, visitors can find their way easily with the help of guides.رغم إن المتحف الكبير ضخم جدًا، الزوار بيعرفوا يتحركوا بسهولة بمساعدة المرشدين. الجزء الأول = اعتراف بمشكلة، التاني = الفكرة الأهم.

جدول التراكيب (زي الكتاب وأكتر)

Each structure has its own grammar. The most important question is: what comes after it, a clause (subject + verb) or a noun phrase?

لاحظ إن الجمل اللي فيها Admittedly و It may be argued that فيها جملتين كاملتين، فبنوصلهم بـ semicolon (;) وبعده however أو nevertheless وفاصلة. الـ semicolon هنا شغلته إنه يوصل جملتين كاملتين مرتبطين ببعض، وكلمة however هي اللي بتدّي معنى «لكن». وممكن بدل كده تعمل جملتين بنقطة: …many years. However, the result…

أهم فرق: although ولا despite؟

Although / Even though + subject + verb. Despite / In spite of + noun / pronoun / -ing. To use despite with a full clause, add the fact that.

ده أكتر سؤال بييجي في الامتحان. بص على الكلمة اللي بعد الفراغ:

تحويل من واحدة للتانية (بيجي كتير كـ rewrite):

• Although it was raining, the tourists visited the pyramids.رغم إن الدنيا كانت بتمطر، السياح زاروا الأهرامات. although + جملة.
• Despite the rain, the tourists visited the pyramids.نفس المعنى، بس حولنا الجملة لاسم: it was raining ← the rain.
• Despite being tired, the students enjoyed the tour.although they were tired ← despite being tired. نحوّل الفعل لـ -ing (ولازم يكون نفس الفاعل).
• In spite of the fact that the site is old, it is well preserved.in spite of + the fact that + جملة كاملة.

مكان الـ clause والفاصلة

The concession clause can come first (followed by a comma) or second (usually no comma).

• Although many artefacts are abroad, Egypt still has the largest collection of its own history.الـ clause في الأول ← نحط فاصلة بعدها.
• Egypt still has the largest collection of its own history although many artefacts are abroad.الـ clause في الآخر ← غالبًا من غير فاصلة.

في الكتابة الـ discursive الأحسن تبدأ بالـ concession، علشان رأيك ييجي في آخر الجملة ويبقى هو الأقوى.

أمثلة من موضوعات الوحدة

الأمثلة دي عن موضوعات Unit 3: المتاحف، التراث، السوشيال ميديا والتاريخ، والحفاظ على الآثار.

• Although social media spreads news quickly, it cannot replace professional documentation.رغم إن السوشيال ميديا بتنشر الأخبار بسرعة، مقدرش تحل محل التوثيق المحترف.
• Even though some people think museums are just for tourists, they also teach young Egyptians about their identity.حتى لو ناس شايفة إن المتاحف للسياح بس، هي كمان بتعلّم الشباب المصري عن هويته. ده رد على رأي الزميل في الـ Writing Task.
• Despite their fragile condition, the papyri were moved safely to the new museum.رغم حالتها الضعيفة، البرديات اتنقلت بأمان للمتحف الجديد. despite + اسم.
• In spite of the high cost, restoring ancient sites protects our history.رغم التكلفة العالية، ترميم الأماكن الأثرية بيحمي تاريخنا.
• While it is true that digital archives are easy to access, they can disappear if a website closes.صحيح إن الأرشيف الرقمي سهل توصله، بس ممكن يختفي لو الموقع قفل.
• Admittedly, virtual tours are free; however, they cannot give visitors the feeling of standing beside a real statue.لازم نعترف إن الجولات الافتراضية ببلاش، لكن مش بتديك إحساس إنك واقف جنب تمثال حقيقي.
• It may be argued that artefacts in foreign museums are seen by more people; nevertheless, they belong to their country of origin.ممكن حد يقول إن الآثار في المتاحف الأجنبية بيشوفها ناس أكتر، ومع ذلك هي ملك بلدها الأصلي.
• Despite having thousands of followers, the page shared false information about the pyramids.رغم إن الصفحة عندها آلاف المتابعين، نشرت معلومات غلط عن الأهرامات. despite + -ing.
• Though the old photo looked real, Salma checked its source before sharing it.رغم إن الصورة القديمة كان شكلها حقيقي، سلمى اتأكدت من مصدرها قبل ما تنشرها.

ومعاها كلمات الربط: however / nevertheless / but

however and nevertheless start a new sentence (or come after a semicolon). but joins two parts inside one sentence. Never use but together with although in the same sentence.

إزاي نستخدمها في الـ Discursive Paragraph

In a discursive paragraph, present one side, then use concession clauses to accept the other side and answer it. The book asks for at least three concession clauses.

الكتاب بيقسم الـ discursive paragraph لـ 5 أجزاء: Topic Sentence ← First Point ← Contrasting Point ← Personal Opinion ← Concluding Sentence. الـ concession clauses أهم مكان ليها في الـ Contrasting Point وفي رأيك الشخصي. وكمان الكتاب بيقولك تستخدم prepositional phrases.

شوف الفقرة دي (جزء من فقرة، والـ concession clauses بالـ bold):

Many people have different opinions about whether museums are only for tourists. Although foreign visitors fill the halls of the GEM, thousands of Egyptian students also visit it every year. While it is true that tickets can be expensive for some families, schools often organise free trips. Despite the popularity of online videos, nothing can replace seeing Tutankhamun's golden mask with your own eyes. In my opinion, museums are not just for tourists, because they help us understand who we are.

لاحظ: كل concession بتعترف بحاجة (السياح كتير / التذاكر غالية / الفيديوهات منتشرة) وبعدين ترد عليها بفكرة أقوى.

إزاي بييجي في الأسئلة؟

الأسئلة في الكتاب والمراجعات بتيجي بالأشكال دي. هنحل مثال لكل شكل:

1) Only one sentence in each group is grammatically correct. Choose the correct answer.

a. Despite the site is old, it is well preserved.

b. Although the site is old, it is well preserved.

c. Although its age, the site is well preserved.

d. In spite the site is old, it is well preserved.

الإجابة: b. although + جملة كاملة. (a) despite بعدها جملة، (c) although بعدها اسم، (d) in spite من غير of وبعدها جملة.

2) Choose the correct answer.

______ the crowds, we managed to see the golden mask.

a. Although b. Even though c. Despite d. However

الإجابة: c. Despite — بعد الفراغ اسم (the crowds) من غير فعل.

3) Rewrite the sentence using the word in brackets.

The papyrus is very old. It is still readable. (Although)

الإجابة: Although the papyrus is very old, it is still readable. ومع despite: Despite its age, the papyrus is still readable.

تدريب

A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.

1. 1. ______ the GEM is huge, the signs make it easy to find each gallery. a. Despite b. Although c. In spite of d. However

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   b. Although — بعدها جملة كاملة (the GEM is huge).

2. 2. ______ its long history, the temple is still in good condition. a. Although b. Even though c. Despite d. While it is true that

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   c. Despite — بعدها اسم (its long history).

3. 3. In spite ______ the heat, the students enjoyed the trip to Luxor. a. that b. of c. the fact d. to

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   b. of — in spite of دايمًا.

4. 4. ______, online museums are convenient; however, they lack the atmosphere of a real visit. a. Although b. Despite c. Admittedly d. Because

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   c. Admittedly — بعدها فاصلة وجملة كاملة ثم ; however.

5. 5. It may be argued that history books are enough; ______, visiting sites makes history come alive. a. because b. nevertheless c. although d. despite

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   b. nevertheless — بعد semicolon بنستخدم nevertheless / however + فاصلة.

6. 6. ______ the fact that the statue was broken, experts managed to restore it. a. Although b. Despite c. Even though d. Admittedly

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   b. Despite — despite the fact that + جملة.

7. 7. Even ______ the post had thousands of shares, it contained false information. a. though b. despite c. if d. so

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   a. though — even though = رغم إن.

8. 8. ______ it is true that tickets are expensive, students can enter at a reduced price. a. Despite b. While c. In spite d. Admittedly

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   b. While — While it is true that… تعبير ثابت.

B. Only one sentence in each group is grammatically correct. Choose the correct answer.

1. 9. a. Although the trip was long, but we enjoyed every minute. b. Although the trip was long, we enjoyed every minute. c. Despite the trip was long, we enjoyed every minute. d. In spite of the trip was long, we enjoyed every minute.

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   b — (a) although + but ممنوع، (c) و(d) despite / in spite of + جملة.

2. 10. a. Despite of the rain, the excavation continued. b. Although the rain, the excavation continued. c. Despite the rain, the excavation continued. d. In spite the rain, the excavation continued.

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   c — despite + اسم من غير of.

3. 11. a. Despite being fragile, the papyrus survived for centuries. b. Despite to be fragile, the papyrus survived for centuries. c. Although being fragile the papyrus, it survived for centuries. d. Despite it is fragile, the papyrus survived for centuries.

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   a — despite + -ing (being).

4. 12. a. Admittedly, the museum is far, however it is worth the journey. b. Admittedly, the museum is far; however, it is worth the journey. c. Admittedly the museum is far however, it is worth the journey. d. Admittedly, despite the museum is far; it is worth the journey.

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   b — جملتين كاملتين: semicolon + however + فاصلة.

C. Rewrite each sentence using the word(s) in brackets.

1. 13. Although the tomb was hidden for centuries, it was perfectly preserved. (Despite)

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   Despite being hidden for centuries, the tomb was perfectly preserved. — حوّلنا الفعل لـ -ing، أو: Despite the fact that the tomb was hidden…

2. 14. Despite the crowds, we saw the Rosetta Stone. (Although)

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   Although there were crowds, we saw the Rosetta Stone. — الاسم بقى جملة (there were crowds).

3. 15. The video looked real. It was fake. (Even though)

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   Even though the video looked real, it was fake.

4. 16. School trips are expensive. They teach students more than any textbook. (It may be argued that … nevertheless)

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   It may be argued that school trips are expensive; nevertheless, they teach students more than any textbook.

5. 17. Restoration is expensive. It protects our heritage. (In spite of)

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   In spite of its high cost, restoration protects our heritage. أو: In spite of being expensive, restoration protects our heritage.

6. 18. Old Cairo is crowded. It is full of beautiful historic buildings. (While it is true that)

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   While it is true that Old Cairo is crowded, it is full of beautiful historic buildings.

D. Find the mistakes and correct them. Then write.

1. 19. Find and correct the mistake: Although its small size, the Luxor Museum has wonderful statues.

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   Although ← Despite: Despite its small size, … — بعدها اسم.

2. 20. Find and correct the mistake: Even though the guide spoke quickly, but we understood him.

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   نشيل but: Even though the guide spoke quickly, we understood him.

3. 21. Find and correct the mistake: In spite the fact that the site is old, it attracts young visitors.

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   In spite ← In spite of: In spite of the fact that the site is old, …

4. 22. Complete with your own idea: Although social media shares heritage quickly, ______.

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   مثال: …it sometimes spreads inaccurate information. — الجزء التاني لازم يكون فكرة عكس الجزء الأول.

5. 23. Complete with your own idea: Despite ______, many Egyptians still prefer to visit museums in person.

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   مثال: Despite the popularity of virtual tours, … — لازم اسم أو -ing بعد despite.

6. 24. A classmate says: 'Museums are just for tourists.' Answer him in ONE sentence using a concession clause.

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   مثال: While it is true that many tourists visit museums, they are also places where Egyptians learn about their own identity.

7. 25. Write a short discursive paragraph (5-6 sentences) about whether physical museums are more valuable than digital platforms. Use at least THREE concession clauses.

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   خطة: Topic sentence (Many people disagree about…) ← First point (Some people believe digital platforms are better because…) ← Although they are easy to access, … ← Despite their convenience, … ← Admittedly, …; however, … ← In conclusion, … — 3 concession clauses ومعاهم prepositional phrases زي in the GEM / for centuries.