تانية بكالوريا · The Lost World · Chapter 2
The Lost World · Chapter 2: Professor Challenger's Secret
شرح الفصل التاني من The Lost World: الخناقة، كراسة Maple White، أدلة Challenger ونظريته، مع إجابات أسئلة الكتاب.
الفصل ده فين في القصة؟
الفصل التاني بيكمّل المقابلة اللي بدأت في آخر Chapter 1: الخدعة بتتكشف، وبعد خناقة، Challenger بيوري Malone سرّه وأدلته على إن فيه حيوانات من عصور ما قبل التاريخ لسه عايشة.
ملخص الفصل بالإنجليزي (Chapter Summary)
Challenger asks Malone difficult scientific questions and quickly discovers that he knows nothing. Malone admits that he is a reporter. Challenger becomes furious, attacks him, and the two men fall out of the house onto the steps. A policeman arrives, but Malone refuses to make a complaint because he knows he tricked Challenger. Challenger respects this and invites him back inside.
After Malone promises not to publish anything without permission, Challenger shows him his evidence. In the Amazon region, Challenger found a dying American called Maple White. White's sketchbook contains drawings of high red cliffs, a separate rock tower with a tree on top, and an animal like a stegosaurus. Challenger followed White's route, found the cliffs and saw strange creatures, but he could not climb the plateau. He also has a damaged photograph and part of a wing bone. Malone realises it belonged to a pterodactyl.
Challenger explains that the plateau has been cut off for a very long time, so prehistoric life may have survived there. People in London accused him of creating false photographs and demanded exact directions, so he felt insulted and refused to say more. By the end, Malone believes him. Challenger invites him to a public lecture at the Zoological Institute the next evening.
شرح الفصل بالعربي حدث بحدث
- الخدعة بتتكشف: Challenger بيسأل Malone أسئلة عن البحث العلمي، والأسئلة بتصعب كل دقيقة. Malone بيرد بكلام عام زي «Very interesting». لما Challenger يسأله «Which evidence?» بيتلخبط. Challenger بيقوله: «إنت مش فاهم حاجة في الموضوع ده».
- الاعتراف: Malone بيقرر يبطل تمثيل ويعترف إنه صحفي في Daily Gazette. لحظة سكوت… وبعدين Challenger بيقوم من الكرسي «زي العاصفة».
- الخناقة: Malone بيحذّره ميلمسهوش، بس Challenger مش بيسمع. بيتخانقوا في الطرقة ويقعوا من الباب على السلم بره البيت. عين Malone وارمة، وجاكيت Challenger مقطوع.
- لحظة مهمة جدًا — الشرطي: عسكري بوليس بيجي يسأل حصل إيه. Malone كان ممكن يعمل محضر (complaint)، بس افتكر إنه دخل البيت باسم مش حقيقي وخدع Challenger عن قصد. فبيقول: «كان جزء من الغلط غلطي، مش هعمل محضر». العسكري بيقفل النوتة، وغضب Challenger بيتحول لحاجة قريبة من الاحترام.
- «ارجع جوه»: Challenger بيدعيه يرجع، وبيقوله إنه اتصرف أحسن من المتوقع من صحفي. بيوافق يوريه حاجة بشرط: ميتنشرش حاجة من غير إذنه. وMalone بيدّيله كلمة شرف.
- قصة Maple White: من سنتين Challenger سافر منطقة الأمازون يدرس الحيوانات. في قرية بعيدة لقى أمريكي اسمه Maple White بيموت بعد رحلة صعبة جدًا، ومات قبل ما يسأله. في حاجاته لقى كراسة رسم (sketchbook).
- الرسومات: أول الصفحات عادية (نهر، نباتات، ناس، حيوانات). بعدين الرسم بيتغير: صخور حمرا عالية زي حيطة طبيعية ضخمة فوق غابة، وبرج صخري منفصل جنبها فوقه شجرة، وبعدين حيوان ضخم جسمه تقيل وديله طويل وعلى ضهره ألواح… شبه الـ stegosaurus بالظبط في كتاب مرجعي.
- Malone لسه بيشك: بيقول إن أي حد يقدر يرسم أي حاجة. Challenger بيرد: «بالظبط… علشان كده رحت أدوّر على المكان بنفسي». مشي ورا علامات الكراسة، ولقى الصخور الحمرا، مقدرش يطلع الهضبة، بس شاف مخلوقات غريبة. صوّر، بس أغلب الصور باظت في حادثة في النهر.
- الصورة والجناح: صورة مش واضحة فيها الصخور والبرج، وعلى الشجرة شكل غامق كبير. Malone يقول «طير؟». Challenger يدّيله عدسة مكبّرة: ليه جناحات بس شكله مش زي أي طير. بعدين بيطلّع عضمة طويلة مقوّسة عليها جزء من غشاء (membrane) ناشف: جزء من جناح المخلوق اللي ضربه بالنار، وأغلب الجسم ضاع في حادثة النهر. Malone فكّر الأول إنه خفاش عملاق، وبعد المقارنة بكتاب علم الحيوان همس: «pterodactyl؟» يعني زاحف طاير من عصور ما قبل التاريخ.
- الأدلة مع بعض: Malone بيفكر: كل دليل لوحده ممكن يتفسّر بأي طريقة، بس التلاتة مع بعض صعب ترفضهم. Challenger بيقول بفخر: «أنا مش بصدّق… أنا عارف».
- النظرية: الهضبة معزولة عن العالم من زمن طويل جدًا، والصخور العالية عاملة حاجز طبيعي. فالنباتات والحيوانات اللي انقرضت في كل حتة ممكن تكون عاشت هناك في عزلة.
- ليه ماخدش علماء تانيين؟ لما رجع لندن واتكلم، الناس اتهموه إنه زوّر الصور وطلبوا الاتجاهات بالظبط. حس بإهانة فرفض يقول أكتر. وبيقول إن الحقيقة مش بتبقى غلط علشان الأغبيا رافضينها.
- Malone اتغيّر: لأول مرة شاف Challenger مش بس الراجل العصبي اللي في الجرايد. هو فخور وصعب، بس متأكد تمامًا. Malone صدّق إن Challenger مصدّق قصته… وبدأ هو كمان يصدّقها.
- الدعوة للمحاضرة: Challenger بيقوله على محاضرة عامة في Zoological Institute تاني يوم بالليل، ومتوقع إن ادعاءاته هتتذكر هناك. Malone بيخرج للشارع وحاسس إن لندن العادية بقت «مش حقيقية»، وإن مغامرته ممكن تبدأ من الحيطة الحمرا دي ورا المحيط.
الشخصيات في الفصل ده
| Character | بيعمل إيه في الفصل ده | Traits (صفاته) | Evidence (الدليل) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Edward Malone | بيعترف إنه صحفي، يتخانق، يرفض يعمل محضر، ويسمع أدلة Challenger. | honest in the end (صريح في الآخر)، fair (منصف)، sceptical then believing | "It was partly my fault" |
| Professor Challenger | بيكشف Malone، يهاجمه، وبعدين يحترمه ويوريه الأدلة والنظرية. | violent/hot-tempered (عصبي)، proud (فخور)، certain (متأكد)، intelligent | "I do not believe … I know." |
| Maple White (مش موجود بنفسه) | مات في قرية في الأمازون، وساب كراسة الرسم. | brave traveller، observant (بيلاحظ ويرسم اللي بيشوفه) | "Maple White drew what he saw." |
| The policeman | بيسأل عن الخناقة ويقفل النوتة. | surprised | "closed his notebook" |
كلمات مهمة من الفصل
| Word / phrase | Meaning / use |
|---|---|
| admit | to say that something bad is true = يعترف |
| hesitate | to stop for a moment because you are not sure = يتردد |
| struggle | to fight with someone = يتعارك / يتخانق |
| press charges | to make an official complaint to the police = يعمل محضر / يشتكي رسمي |
| deliberately | on purpose = عن قصد |
| respect | a good opinion of someone = احترام |
| permission | being allowed to do something = إذن |
| sketchbook | a book for drawing pictures = كراسة رسم |
| cliff | a very high, steep wall of rock = جرف / صخرة عالية |
| plateau | a high, flat area of land = هضبة |
| prehistoric | from a time before written history = من عصور ما قبل التاريخ |
| similarity | being almost the same = تشابه |
| magnifying glass | a glass that makes things look bigger = عدسة مكبّرة |
| membrane | thin skin = غشاء |
| reptile | an animal with cold blood and scales, like a snake = زاحف |
| dismiss | to refuse to take an idea seriously = يرفض / يتجاهل الفكرة |
| isolation | being alone and cut off from others = عزلة |
| accuse | to say someone did something wrong = يتّهم |
اقتباسات مهمة (Key Quotations)
- "You know nothing about this subject." — Challengerهنا الخدعة بتتكشف. ده بيبيّن ذكاء Challenger وإن خطة Malone كانت ضعيفة.
- "It was partly my fault." — MaloneMalone بيعترف بغلطه وبيرفض يعمل محضر. نقطة التحول في علاقتهم: من عداوة لاحترام.
- "something almost like respect" — Malone (about Challenger's face)بتبيّن إن Challenger بيقدّر الصدق والعدل رغم عصبيته.
- "Together they were much harder to dismiss." — Maloneأهم جملة عن الأدلة: كل دليل لوحده ضعيف، بس مع بعض بيبقوا مقنعين.
- "I do not believe … I know." — Challengerبتبيّن ثقته الكاملة وفخره بنفسه.
- "truth does not become false because fools refuse to accept it" — Challengerرأيه إن الحقيقة حقيقة حتى لو الناس رفضتها. وفي نفس الوقت بتبيّن غروره واحتقاره للناس اللي بتشك فيه.
- "Now I knew where it might begin." — Maloneآخر جملة: foreshadowing إن المغامرة الحقيقية جاية وإنها هتبقى في الهضبة دي.
الأفكار والأساليب في الفصل (Themes & Techniques)
This chapter is about evidence and belief: how much proof do we need before we believe something?
| Theme / Technique | يعني إيه؟ | فين في الفصل ده؟ |
|---|---|---|
| Evidence vs scepticism (الدليل والشك) | الصراع بين اللي عنده دليل واللي بيشك. | Malone بيشك («A man can draw anything») وبعدين الأدلة التلاتة بتقنعه. |
| Honesty (الصدق) | قول الحقيقة حتى لو صعبة. | Malone بيعترف إنه صحفي، وبيقول «It was partly my fault». |
| Pride (الكبرياء) | إحساس قوي بقيمة النفس، أحيانًا زيادة. | Challenger رفض يقول المكان لما اتهموه بالتزوير. |
| Science & discovery (العلم والاكتشاف) | إزاي العالِم بيجمع ويقارن الأدلة. | مقارنة الرسمة بالـ stegosaurus، والعضمة برسم في كتاب zoology. |
| Characterisation | إزاي الكاتب بيبني الشخصية. | Challenger بيتغيّر قدامنا: عنيف ← محترم ← عالم جاد. |
| Change of attitude (تغيّر الموقف) | الشخصية بتغيّر رأيها خطوة بخطوة. | Malone: "hardly impossible" ← "A bird?" ← "A pterodactyl?" ← "beginning to believe". |
| Foreshadowing | تلميح لحدث جاي. | الدعوة للمحاضرة وآخر جملة في الفصل. |
- S – P – W = Sketchbook (Maple White) + Photograph (damaged) + Wing bone.
- وفي الامتحان دايمًا قول: each piece alone is weak, but together they support each other.
Chapter Summative — أسئلة الكتاب بإجابات نموذجية
1. Answer the following questions. اضغط Show answer علشان تشوف الإجابة الإنجليزي والشرح بالعربي.
1. Why does Challenger invite Malone back into the house after their fight?
Show answer
Challenger invites him back because Malone behaves honestly and fairly after the fight. When the policeman arrives, Malone could easily make a complaint, but he says, "It was partly my fault," and refuses to press charges. Challenger's anger changes into "something almost like respect", and he tells Malone that he behaved better than he would expect from a reporter. بالعربي: لأن Malone اعترف بغلطه ومعملش محضر، فـ Challenger احترمه.2. Explain how Maple White's sketchbook, the damaged photograph, and the wing fragment support Challenger's claim.
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The sketchbook shows the red cliffs, the rock tower and an animal very similar to a stegosaurus, drawn by a man who saw it. The damaged photograph shows the same cliffs and tower, with a large winged creature on the tree, so the place really exists. The wing fragment is a real piece of bone and membrane that matches a pterodactyl. Together, the drawing, the photograph and the physical bone support the claim that prehistoric animals still live there. بالعربي: الرسم بيوري الحيوان، الصورة بتثبت إن المكان موجود، والعضمة دليل مادي في الإيد.3. Explain Challenger's theory about how prehistoric animals could survive on the isolated plateau.
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Challenger believes that the plateau has been cut off from the surrounding world for an extremely long time. Its high cliffs form a natural barrier, so other animals cannot reach it and the creatures on top cannot leave. Because of this isolation, plants and animals that disappeared everywhere else may have survived there. بالعربي: الهضبة معزولة بصخور عالية زي حيطة، فالحيوانات القديمة فضلت عايشة ومحدش وصلها.4. Analyze how Challenger's difficult personality may make people doubt a story that may actually be true.
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Challenger is rude, proud and violent. He throws reporters out of his house and attacks Malone. When people questioned him, he felt insulted and refused to give exact directions. Because of this behaviour, people may think he is hiding something or inventing the story. His personality makes it easy to focus on the man instead of the evidence, even though the evidence may be real. بالعربي: عصبيته ورفضه يقول التفاصيل بيخلي الناس تفتكر إنه بيكدب، فبيبصّوا على أسلوبه مش على أدلته.5. Analyze how Malone's attitude changes from skepticism to growing belief during the chapter.
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At first Malone is doubtful. He says the landscape is strange "but hardly impossible" and that "a man can draw anything". When he sees the photograph, he suggests the creature is just "a bird". Then the wing bone and the comparison with a zoology book make him whisper, "A pterodactyl?" Finally, he says that he believes Challenger believes his story, and that he is "beginning to believe it too". بالعربي: Malone بيتغيّر خطوة بخطوة: شك ← طير؟ ← pterodactyl؟ ← بدأ يصدّق.6. Why are the different pieces of evidence more convincing together than any one piece would be alone?
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Each piece alone could be explained away. A drawing could be imagined, a damaged photograph could be unclear or false, and a bone could belong to another animal, such as a giant bat. However, the pieces come from different sources and they all point to the same place and the same kind of creatures. When they agree with one another, it becomes much harder to dismiss them, as Malone says. بالعربي: كل دليل لوحده ممكن يتفسّر، بس لما تلات أدلة مختلفة يقولوا نفس الحاجة، بيبقى صعب ترفضهم.7. Evaluate Challenger's decision to keep the exact location of the plateau secret. Was he justified? Give reasons.
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I think he was partly justified. He was insulted when people accused him of making false photographs, and he may also have wanted to protect the place (in Chapter 4 he says that careless visitors could destroy it). However, keeping the location secret made his claim impossible to test. Science needs proof that others can check, so his secrecy made people doubt him even more. بالعربي: له حق جزئيًا (اتهان وعايز يحمي المكان)، بس السرية خلت محدش يقدر يتأكد، فالناس شكّت فيه أكتر.8. Evaluate the effect of Challenger's violent behavior on his scientific credibility. Does it weaken his case? Explain.
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Yes, it weakens his case in the eyes of the public, but it does not change the evidence itself. People judge him as an angry man who fights reporters, so they find it hard to trust him. Malone, too, sees him first as "the rude, explosive man described by the newspapers". However, the sketchbook, the photograph and the wing bone are still real, so a fair person should judge the evidence, not his temper. بالعربي: العنف بيضعف صورته قدام الناس، بس الأدلة نفسها ما اتغيرتش. لازم نحكم على الدليل مش على العصبية.
2. JRE (Justify, Reasoning & Evidence) — افتكر: حكم ← تفسير ← تفصيلتين على الأقل من الفصل.
Justify: Yes, I think Malone is justified in beginning to believe Challenger, although he still does not have final proof.
Reasoning: Malone does not believe Challenger at once. He tests every piece of evidence and suggests simple explanations first. His view changes only when several different kinds of evidence agree with one another. This is a sensible way to reach a belief.
Evidence: First, Maple White's sketchbook shows an animal whose similarity to a stegosaurus is "remarkable". Second, the damaged photograph shows the same cliffs and tower with a winged creature on the tree. Third, Challenger shows him a real wing bone with dried membrane, and after comparing it with a diagram, Malone whispers, "A pterodactyl?" As he says, "Together they were much harder to dismiss."
- Justify: حكم واضح، ومعاه تحفّظ ذكي (still does not have final proof).
- Reasoning: شرحنا ليه الأدلة غيّرت رأيه: لأنها أنواع مختلفة ومتفقة.
- Evidence: تلات أدلة محددة من اللي Challenger وراها لـ Malone، زي ما السؤال طالب.
Justify: Yes, I believe Challenger can be considered a trustworthy scientist, even though his behaviour is rude and aggressive.
Reasoning: A scientist should be judged by the quality of his evidence and his methods, not by his manners. Challenger's personality makes him difficult to like, but he collects evidence carefully, compares it with scientific books and even travels himself to check another man's drawings.
Evidence: He followed Maple White's route "using clues in the sketchbook" and found the red cliffs himself. He also compared the wing bone with "a diagram in a zoology book" before naming the creature. On the other hand, he fought Malone on his own doorstep, which shows his temper, but that does not make his evidence false.
- Reasoning: السؤال طالب نفصل الشخصية عن الدليل، وده اللي عملناه بالظبط.
- Evidence: تفصيلتين عن طريقته العلمية + اعتراف بالجانب التاني (الخناقة) علشان الإجابة تبقى متوازنة.
- ممكن تجاوب No لو عندك دليل: مثلًا إنه رفض يدي الاتجاهات، والعالِم الحقيقي بيسمح للناس تختبر كلامه.
- غلط: Malone makes a complaint to the policeman. صح: هو رفض يعمل محضر: "I will not press charges."
- غلط: Challenger met Maple White and talked to him for a long time. صح: White مات قبل ما Challenger يقدر يسأله.
- غلط: Challenger climbed onto the plateau. صح: مقدرش يطلع، شاف المخلوقات من تحت بس.
- غلط: The photographs are clear. صح: أغلبها باظ في حادثة النهر، والصورة اللي فاضلة مش واضحة.
تدريب إضافي (زي أسئلة المراجعات)
1. Challenger discovers that Malone is not a real student because ______. a. Austin tells him b. Malone cannot answer his scientific questions c. he reads the Gazette d. Mrs Challenger warns him
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b — the questions became more technical and Malone hesitated at "Which evidence?".2. Maple White was ______. a. a British scientist b. a dying American traveller c. a reporter d. a local guide
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b — a dying American found in a remote Amazon village.3. Most of Challenger's photographs were damaged ______. a. in a fire b. by reporters c. in a river accident d. by Malone
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c — in a river accident.4. At first Malone thinks the wing bone might come from ______. a. a giant bat b. an eagle c. a fish d. a stegosaurus
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a. a giant bat — then the comparison shows it is a pterodactyl.5. True or False? Justify: Challenger shows Malone his secret before Malone gives any promise.
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False — Challenger asks him to promise not to publish without permission, and Malone says, "I gave him my word," before Challenger shows him anything.6. True or False? Justify: The high cliffs protect the creatures on the plateau from the outside world.
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True — "Its high cliffs formed a natural barrier." ده أساس نظرية Challenger.7. True or False? Justify: Malone leaves Challenger's house still completely sure that the story is false.
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False — he says, "I was beginning to believe it too."8. Who said it? "A man can draw anything." Why?
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Malone — he is still sceptical. يعني الرسم لوحده مش دليل كفاية.9. Who said it? "Attend if you wish … You may find the evening educational."
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Challenger — inviting Malone to the lecture at the Zoological Institute. تلميح لأحداث Chapter 3.10. Explain why Malone's eye is swollen in this chapter.
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Because he struggled with Challenger after admitting he was a reporter. They fought in the hallway and rolled out onto the steps.
- Challenger كشف خدعة Malone واتخانقوا، بس Malone اعترف بغلطه ورفض يعمل محضر، فـ Challenger احترمه ووراه سرّه.
- الأدلة التلاتة (كراسة Maple White + الصورة + عضمة جناح الـ pterodactyl) مع نظرية العزلة خلّت Malone يبدأ يصدّق، والفصل بيخلص بالدعوة للمحاضرة.
كل دروس المنهج
Grammar · القواعد
- Participial Phrases (-ing / -ed)
- Relative Clauses (who, which, that)
- Conditionals (If… will / would / would have) + hedging
- Gerunds and Infinitives
- Narrative Tenses
- Prepositional Phrases of Place and Time
- Concession Clauses
- The Passive Voice for Formal Reporting
- The Present Perfect (since, for, just, already, yet, ever, never)
- Fronting for Emphasis
- Cause-and-Effect Structures
- Modal Verbs (could, should, may, must)
- Adverbials of Degree and Frequency
- Reported Speech
- Used to / Would (Past Habits)
- The Present Continuous
- Linking Words and Logical Connectors
- The Causative: have / get something done
- So… that / Such… that
- Stative Verbs vs Action Verbs
- Quantifiers (too much / too many, a large amount of, few / little)
Vocabulary & Language · الكلمات واللغة
- Well-being and Mental Health
- Leisure, Screen Time, Arts and Sport
- History, Heritage and Museums
- Brands, Food Waste and Sales Culture
- Climate Change and Renewable Energy
- Global Responsibility and Advocacy
- Passion, Hobbies and Community
- Vocational Education and Careers
- Belonging and Inclusion
- Hidden Costs and Fast Fashion
- Persuasive and Biased Language: intensifiers, rhetorical questions, absolute language
- Hedging and Neutral Language
- Tone, Evaluative Language and Selective Framing
- Concession Language
- Media Literacy: fact, opinion, bias and greenwashing
Reading · القراية
- Reading for Gist and Key Detail
- True / False / Not Given with justification
- Fact, Opinion and Biased Claims
- Identifying Bias in Media Texts
- Rhetorical Devices and Their Effects
- The Writer's Viewpoint and Tone
- Main Argument and Supporting Points
- Cause and Effect in Informational Texts
- Text Types: reports, articles, opinion articles, narratives and profiles
- Vocabulary in Context
- Evaluating the Reliability of Online Content
Listening · الاستماع
- Broadcasts, Podcasts, Radio Programmes and Media Reports
- Listening for Main Ideas and Specific Information
- Stated vs Unstated Information
- The Speaker's Perspective
- Technical Terms in Context
Speaking · الكلام
- Giving and Justifying an Opinion (JRE)
- Acknowledging an Opposing Viewpoint
- Structured Presentations (3–5 minutes)
- Pair and Group Discussions
- Debates
- Role-plays and Pitches
- Reporting Other People's Views
Writing · الكتابة
- The JRE Analytical Paragraph
- Reflective Writing
- Opinion Paragraph
- Diary Entry
- Discursive Paragraph
- Opinion Article
- Review
- Argumentative Paragraph
- Informational Leaflet
- Formal Email
- Persuasive Email
- Proposal
- Discursive Essay
- Blog Post
- Recommendation Report
- Personal Development Plan
- Personal Narrative
- Problem-Solution Paragraph
Literature · الأدب والقصة
- The Lost World — the set novel
- The Lost World · Chapter 1: A Dream of Adventure
- The Lost World · Chapter 2: Professor Challenger's Secret
- The Lost World · Chapter 3: The Expedition Is Chosen
- The Lost World · Chapter 4: Into the Unknown
- The Lost World · Chapter 5: Trapped in the Lost World
- The Lost World · Chapter 6: Malone's Night Adventure
- The Lost World · Chapter 7: Prisoners of the Ape-Men
- The Lost World · Chapter 8: The Battle for the Plateau
- The Lost World · Chapter 9: The Hidden Way Home
- The Lost World · Chapter 10: Proof Before the World
- Literary Extract: “Not Exactly a Relaxing Day”
- Narrative Techniques: simile, contrast and personal voice
- Mood, Tone and the Narrator's Shifting Feelings
- Characters, Themes and Key Events