تانية بكالوريا · Grammar · Unit 2

Gerunds and Infinitives

إمتى نستخدم الفعل بـ -ing وإمتى to + فعل، والأفعال اللي معناها بيتغيّر زي stop و remember و try.

الدرس ده عن إيه؟

A gerund is a verb + -ing that works like a noun (Swimming is good for you). An infinitive is to + base verb (to learn). Some verbs are followed by a gerund, some by an infinitive, and some by both, sometimes with a change in meaning.

الدرس ده عن سؤال بيتكرر كتير: لما فعلين ييجوا ورا بعض، التاني يبقى -ing ولا to + فعل؟ مثلًا: She enjoys painting بس She wants to learn.

في الكتاب الدرس ده في Unit 2: Leisure Time، جزء Gerunds & Infinitives: Form, Use, and Meaning (صفحة 51)، والتدريب في Grammar in Context (صفحة 52)، وبعدها في Consolidation Review A. وكمان الكتاب بيطلب منك تستخدمهم في opinion paragraph عن الـ screen time والهوايات.

الفكرة ببساطة

Gerund = verb + -ing used as a noun. Infinitive = to + base verb. The first verb decides which form comes after it.

الـ gerund شكله زي الفعل بـ ing بس شغله اسم. يعني تقدر تحط مكانه كلمة زي «الرياضة» أو «الرسم». بالعربي زي المصدر: «السباحة مفيدة» = Swimming is good for you.

الـ infinitive هو to + الفعل في المصدر (to go, to learn). غالبًا بيبيّن حاجة عايز تعملها أو ناوي عليها في المستقبل: «عايز أتعلم» = I want to learn.

مفيش قاعدة واحدة تحكم كل الأفعال. الفعل الأول هو اللي بيحدد، فلازم تحفظ القوايم. بس فيه حيلة هتساعدك:

حيلة للفهم

الـ -ing غالبًا مع حاجة بتعملها فعلًا أو عملتها (تجربة): enjoy painting، finish reading، avoid going.
الـ to غالبًا مع حاجة لسه هتحصل (هدف أو نية): want to go، hope to visit، decide to start، plan to do.

إمتى نستخدم الـ Gerund؟

Use a gerund: (1) as the subject of a sentence, (2) after certain verbs, (3) after prepositions, (4) after go for activities, (5) after some expressions.

الاستخدام	الشرح	مثال
فاعل (subject)	في أول الجملة كاسم	Painting helps me relax.
بعد أفعال معيّنة	enjoy, avoid, suggest, consider, practise, finish, imagine, mind, keep, give up, can't stand	She enjoys painting.
بعد حرف جر	at, in, of, about, by, for, without, before, after, instead of…	He is talented at painting.
go + -ing	للأنشطة والرياضة	Let's go swimming.
تعبيرات	look forward to, be used to, it's worth, there's no point in	I look forward to meeting the team.

قايمة الأفعال اللي بعدها -ing (من الكتاب + زيادات مهمة):

الفعل	معناه	مثال
enjoy	يستمتع بـ	Many students enjoy creating music.
avoid	يتجنب	Try to avoid using your phone in bed.
suggest	يقترح	The coach suggested taking a short break.
consider	يفكر في	Ali is considering joining the choir.
practise	يتمرن على	She practises speaking English every day.
finish	يخلّص	I finished reading the article.
imagine	يتخيل	Imagine living without screens for a week!
mind	يمانع	Do you mind turning the music down?
keep	يفضل يعمل	Keep going! You are almost there.
give up	يبطّل / يستسلم	He gave up playing video games at night.
can't stand	مش طايق	I can't stand sitting still for hours.

إمتى نستخدم الـ Infinitive؟

Use to + base verb: (1) after certain verbs, (2) after adjectives, (3) to show purpose (why), (4) after too / enough, (5) after verb + person (ask someone to…).

الاستخدام	الشرح	مثال
بعد أفعال معيّنة	want, hope, decide, plan, choose, agree, manage, refuse, promise, learn, need, offer, expect, afford	He decided to stop gaming.
بعد صفة	happy, easy, difficult, important, ready, shy…	It is important to take breaks.
الهدف (purpose)	علشان / لكي	He joined the choir to improve his voice.
too / enough	زيادة عن اللزوم / كفاية	She was too shy to perform. He is old enough to choose.
فعل + شخص + to	ask, tell, encourage, allow, want, advise, remind	My parents encouraged me to join the club.

قايمة الأفعال اللي بعدها to (من الكتاب + زيادات مهمة):

الفعل	معناه	مثال
want	عايز	She wants to learn new skills.
hope	يتمنى	I hope to visit the Egyptian Museum.
decide	يقرر	He decided to stop gaming after midnight.
plan	يخطط	We plan to do a cycling trip.
choose	يختار	Many teens choose to stay at home.
agree	يوافق	My friend agreed to help me train.
manage	ينجح (بعد صعوبة)	I managed to finish the race.
refuse	يرفض	She refused to give up.
promise	يوعد	He promised to limit his screen time.
learn	يتعلم	Children learn to share in team sports.
afford	يقدر (ماديًا أو وقتيًا)	Students can't afford to lose sleep before exams.

أفعال بييجي بعدها الاتنين

Some verbs (like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start) take both forms with little or no change in meaning. Others (stop, remember, forget, regret, try) change their meaning.

أ) من غير تغيير في المعنى: like / love / hate / prefer / begin / start

I like reading novels. = I like to read novels.الاتنين صح ونفس المعنى.
It started raining. = It started to rain.نفس المعنى.

ب) المعنى بيتغيّر (مهم جدًا وبييجي كتير):

الفعل	+ -ing	+ to	الفرق بالعربي
stop	Stop comparing yourself to others.	Omar stopped to buy a magazine.	stop + ing = يبطّل الحاجة. stop + to = يقف علشان يعمل حاجة.
remember	I remember seeing that documentary.	Remember to switch off your phone.	+ ing = فاكر حاجة حصلت في الماضي. + to = ماتنساش تعمل حاجة (مستقبل).
forget	I'll never forget winning that match.	Don't forget to drink water.	+ ing = مش هنسى حاجة حصلت. + to = نسي يعمل حاجة.
regret	I regret staying up so late.	We regret to tell you that the trip is cancelled.	+ ing = ندمان على حاجة عملتها. + to = يؤسفني إني أقول (رسمي).
try	Try eating more vegetables.	Try to eat more vegetables.	+ ing = جرّب الحاجة وشوف هتنفع ولا لأ. + to = حاول (بمجهود).

حيلة لـ stop / remember / forget

-ing = بيبص لورا (حاجة حصلت أو كانت بتحصل). to = بيبص لقدّام (حاجة لسه هتتعمل).

حروف الجر والـ to الخادعة

After a preposition we always use a gerund. Be careful: in look forward to, be used to and object to, "to" is a preposition, so we use -ing.

أي حرف جر (at, in, of, about, by, for, without, before, after, instead of, despite) بعده -ing على طول. وخلي بالك: فيه تعبيرات فيها to بس الـ to دي حرف جر، فبعدها -ing برضه.

He is talented at painting.صفة + حرف جر at ← painting.
She is interested in learning photography.in ← learning.
Instead of scrolling, try reading a book.بدل ما تفضل تقلّب في الموبايل.
He joined the orchestra despite being nervous.despite + being. زي مثال الكتاب.
Before sleeping, put your phone in another room.before ← sleeping.
I'm looking forward to meeting my new teammates.✗ to meet ← ✓ to meeting. الـ to هنا حرف جر.
She is used to waking up early for training.متعودة. ✗ used to wake (دي معناها «كانت زمان»).

أمثلة من موضوعات الوحدة

الأمثلة دي عن موضوعات Unit 2: الـ screen time، الفنون والإبداع، الرياضة، وتجربة الخروج في الطبيعة.

Spending time in nature can reduce stress.gerund فاعل: قضاء الوقت في الطبيعة.
Many teenagers avoid taking breaks from their screens.avoid + ing.
The coach suggested doing a warm-up before the match.suggest + ing. ✗ suggested to do.
Salma decided to join the school orchestra.decide + to.
I finally managed to keep up with my friend on the bike.manage + to = نجحت أخيرًا (بعد تعب).
At one point, he seriously considered giving up.consider + ing. من القصة اللي في الكتاب.
She paints to express her feelings.to = علشان (الهدف).
It is difficult to put your phone away when it keeps buzzing.صفة + to.
My parents encouraged me to try pottery.فعل + شخص + to.
Stop checking your phone every five minutes!stop + ing = بطّل.
On his way home, Karim stopped to buy some water.stop + to = وقف علشان يشتري.
I remember feeling proud when I crossed the finish line.remember + ing = فاكر إحساس حصل.

أشهر الأخطاء (غلط ← صح)

✗ The coach suggested to go for a run. ← ✓ The coach suggested going for a run.
✗ He enjoys to paint. ← ✓ He enjoys painting.
✗ Nour decided joining the orchestra. ← ✓ Nour decided to join the orchestra.
✗ She is good at draw. ← ✓ She is good at drawing. (بعد حرف الجر ing)
✗ I look forward to see you. ← ✓ I look forward to seeing you.
✗ He joined the club for improve his fitness. ← ✓ He joined the club to improve his fitness. (الهدف بـ to)
✗ My father wants that I study medicine. ← ✓ My father wants me to study medicine.
✗ Play sports is healthy. ← ✓ Playing sports is healthy. (الفاعل gerund)
✗ Let's to go swimming. ← ✓ Let's go swimming. (بعد let's فعل من غير to)

إزاي تجاوب بسرعة في الامتحان

بص على الكلمة اللي قبل الفراغ على طول: فعل؟ افتكر قايمته. حرف جر؟ ing على طول. صفة؟ غالبًا to.
الجملة بتقول علشان؟ يبقى to + base.
لو الفعل stop / remember / forget / try / regret: اسأل نفسك بيبص لورا ولا لقدّام؟
لو الفراغ في أول الجملة كفاعل: -ing.

إزاي بييجي في الأسئلة؟

الأسئلة في الكتاب والمراجعات بتيجي بالأشكال دي. هنحل مثال لكل شكل:

1) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.

Teenagers often enjoy ______ short videos before bed.

a. watch b. watching c. to watching d. watched

الإجابة: b. watching. ليه؟ enjoy بعده -ing دايمًا.

2) Complete with the correct form (gerund or infinitive).

I remember (visit) ______ the pyramids with my school when I was ten.

الإجابة: visiting. ليه؟ «when I was ten» يعني الحاجة حصلت خلاص وأنا فاكرها ← remember + ing.

3) Write an opinion paragraph using gerunds and infinitives. الكتاب بيطلب فقرة رأي من 150-180 كلمة فيها على الأقل فعلين + gerund وفعلين + infinitive وفعل معناه بيتغيّر. شوف النموذج ده:

Opinion paragraph with gerunds and infinitives171 words

Task: Do you think young people today spend too much time on screens and not enough time on creative or physical activities? Write an opinion paragraph of 150-180 words. Include verbs + gerunds, verbs + infinitives and at least one verb whose meaning changes.

In my opinion, many young people today spend too much time on screens and not enough time on creative or physical activities. This is because phones make it very easy to keep scrolling for hours. A lot of teenagers enjoy watching short videos, but they often avoid going out or trying something new. For example, my cousin used to sit in front of his laptop all weekend. Last summer, his parents encouraged him to join a football team. At first, he refused to go, but after a few weeks he started to love the training. He even decided to switch off his phone during meals. I remember seeing him smile after his first goal, and I realised that real activities give us something screens cannot. Of course, screens are useful for learning and keeping in touch with friends. However, we need to find a balance. In conclusion, I strongly believe that young people should stop spending every free hour online and choose to create, move and connect in the real world.

ليه النموذج ده قوي؟

Opinion (Claim): أول جملة بتقول الرأي بوضوح بـ In my opinion.
Reason: This is because… + it is easy to keep (صفة + to).
Verbs + gerunds: enjoy watching / avoid going / stop spending.
Verbs + infinitives: refused to go / decided to switch / need to find / choose to create.
Verb + person + to: encouraged him to join.
فعل معناه بيتغيّر: remember seeing (فاكر حاجة حصلت) و stop spending (يبطّل).
Example / Evidence: قصة الـ cousin مثال واقعي، وبعدها رأي الطرف التاني (screens are useful) وده بيقوّي الفقرة.
Conclusion: In conclusion… بيعيد الرأي بكلام مختلف، زي ما الكتاب بيطلب.

تدريب

A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.

1. Yara has decided ______ a photography course this summer. a. taking b. took c. to take d. take
Show answer
c. to take — decide + to.
2. The doctor suggested ______ less time on social media. a. to spend b. spending c. spend d. spent
Show answer
b. spending — suggest + ing.
3. ______ in a team teaches us to cooperate. a. Play b. To playing c. Played d. Playing
Show answer
d. Playing — gerund فاعل في أول الجملة.
4. She is very skilled at ______ her emotions through poetry. a. express b. to express c. expressing d. expressed
Show answer
c. expressing — بعد حرف الجر at ← ing.
5. Ali went to the sports club ______ his fitness. a. for improving b. to improve c. improving d. improve
Show answer
b. to improve — الهدف (علشان) ← to.
6. I'm really looking forward to ______ the Grand Egyptian Museum. a. visit b. visiting c. visited d. be visiting
Show answer
b. visiting — look forward to + ing.
7. Please remember ______ your phone before the lesson. a. switching off b. to switch off c. switch off d. switched off
Show answer
b. to switch off — ماتنساش تعمل حاجة لسه هتحصل ← to.
8. Karim was too tired ______ the race. a. finishing b. finish c. to finish d. finished
Show answer
c. to finish — too + صفة + to.

B. Only one sentence in each group is grammatically correct. Choose the correct answer.

9. a. The nurse recommended to drink more water during the match. b. The nurse recommended drinking more water during the match. c. The nurse recommended drink more water during the match. d. The nurse recommended drank more water during the match.
Show answer
b — recommend زي suggest، بعده ing.
10. a. My parents want that I spend less time online. b. My parents want me spending less time online. c. My parents want me to spend less time online. d. My parents want me spend less time online.
Show answer
c — want + شخص + to.
11. a. He gave up to play games at night. b. He gave up playing games at night. c. He gave up play games at night. d. He gave up for playing games at night.
Show answer
b — give up + ing.
12. a. Instead of watch TV, she went cycling. b. Instead of to watch TV, she went cycling. c. Instead of watching TV, she went to cycling. d. Instead of watching TV, she went cycling.
Show answer
d — instead of + ing، و go + ing من غير to.

C. Complete with the correct form (gerund or infinitive) of the verb in brackets.

13. Stop (check) ______ your phone as soon as you wake up.
Show answer
checking — stop + ing = بطّل.
14. During the bike ride, we stopped (drink) ______ some water in the shade.
Show answer
to drink — وقفنا علشان نشرب ← stop + to.
15. I'll never forget (cycle) ______ along the Nile at sunrise.
Show answer
cycling — حاجة حصلت ومش هنساها ← forget + ing.
16. If you can't sleep, try (read) ______ a paper book instead of using your phone.
Show answer
reading — جرّب الحاجة دي وشوف هتنفع ← try + ing.
17. We hope (create) ______ a school art exhibition next term.
Show answer
to create — hope + to.
18. Many teenagers can't imagine (live) ______ without the internet.
Show answer
living — imagine + ing.

D. Find the mistake and correct it, then write as asked.

19. Find and correct the mistake: He is interested in learn the guitar.
Show answer
in learning — بعد حرف الجر ing.
20. Find and correct the mistake: I regret to stay up so late before the exam.
Show answer
regret staying — ندمان على حاجة عملتها خلاص ← ing.
21. Find and correct the mistake: The trainer encouraged us practise every day.
Show answer
encouraged us to practise — فعل + شخص + to.
22. Explain the difference: (a) I stopped eating sweets. (b) I stopped to eat a snack.
Show answer
(a) بطّلت آكل حلويات. (b) وقفت (اللي كنت بعمله) علشان آكل سناك.
23. Write two sentences about your free time: one with a verb + gerund and one with a verb + infinitive.
Show answer
مثال: I enjoy drawing comics at the weekend. Next month, I plan to enter a drawing competition.
24. Write one sentence using 'to' to show purpose about sport.
Show answer
مثال: I go running every morning to clear my mind before school. — to = علشان.

ملخص الدرس في سطرين

-ing (gerund): فاعل في أول الجملة، بعد حروف الجر، وبعد enjoy, avoid, suggest, consider, practise, finish, imagine, mind, keep, give up.
to + base: بعد want, hope, decide, plan, choose, agree, manage, refuse، بعد الصفات، للـ هدف (علشان)، وفعل + شخص + to.
like / love / hate / prefer / begin / start: الاتنين صح.
stop / remember / forget / regret / try: المعنى بيتغيّر. ing = لورا، to = لقدّام.
look forward to / be used to + ing (الـ to حرف جر).

كل دروس المنهج

Grammar · القواعد

Vocabulary & Language · الكلمات واللغة

Reading · القراية

Listening · الاستماع

Speaking · الكلام

Writing · الكتابة

Literature · الأدب والقصة