Checkpoint 6 · Paper 1 writing (non-fiction)
Opinion Writing — Writing Pack
How to give and explain your view for full marks in Paper 1: opinion vs persuasive vs balanced argument, features, the REAP paragraph, useful phrases and a strong sample article.
British & IGCSE › Checkpoint 6 English (Cambridge Primary 0058)
Opinion writing gives your point of view on a topic and supports it with reasons, examples and evidence. Its aim is to make the reader understand and agree with what you think. An opinion task could ask for an article, a letter, an email, an essay or a speech. The format named in the task changes how you open and lay out your writing, but the thinking is the same.
- Paper 1 Non-fiction, Section B Writing (25 marks, about 30 minutes suggested in a 1-hour paper).
- Tasks may give a short situation, e.g. 'Your school magazine wants pupils' views on…', 'Write an article giving your opinion about…', 'Do you agree that…? Write a letter to…'.
- Read the task carefully: if it asks for both sides fairly, that is a balanced argument. If it asks you to make someone do something, that is persuasive writing. Each has its own pack.
1. What is opinion writing?
| Opinion writing | Persuasive writing | Balanced argument | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main aim | Explain your view so the reader understands and agrees | Make the reader act (do, buy, change, join) | Show both sides fairly, then give a final view |
| Your view | Clear from the start, stays the same | Clear from the start, very strong | Held back until the conclusion |
| Language | Reasoned, calm, some persuasive tools | Strong emotive words, many persuasive tools | Neutral, fair |
| Ending | Restate your view + a final thought | A call to action | A balanced conclusion with your opinion |
| Paragraph method | REAP (see below) | Its own paragraph method (see the persuasive pack) | For / against paragraphs |
| Question | Answer for opinion writing |
|---|---|
| Purpose | To give and explain your opinion. |
| Audience | Often pupils, parents or teachers (school magazine, school website, class debate) or readers of a newspaper. |
| Tone | Formal or semi-formal, depending on the reader. Polite even when you disagree. |
| Person and tense | First person for your view (I believe…), present tense for the issue. 'We' and 'you' can bring readers in. |
How your writing is marked (25 marks)
| Category | Marks | What a top answer needs in opinion writing |
|---|---|---|
| Creation of texts | 5 | A clear opinion that stays the same from start to end, with well-developed reasons and examples. The tone suits the reader. All task bullets are covered. |
| Vocabulary and language | 3 | Precise words that show strength of feeling (essential, valuable, harmful) and some persuasive tools chosen for effect. |
| Structure of texts | 7 | Introduction with hook + background + opinion. One reason per paragraph. Linking words between paragraphs. A conclusion that restates the view. |
| Grammar and punctuation | 7 | Varied sentences (complex sentences with because, although, if), questions punctuated correctly, commas after openers. |
| Word structure (spelling) | 3 | Ambitious words spelt correctly, e.g. believe, opinion, necessary, concentrate, especially. |
- 20 words or fewer scores 0. Between 21 and 60 words can score no more than 7 marks altogether.
- If the task names a format (letter, article, speech), use it. Writing the wrong text type can cap Creation at 1 and Structure at 3 (or 2).
- Changing your mind in the middle ('…but actually I think the opposite') makes your viewpoint unclear and loses Creation marks.
2. Features of opinion writing
| Feature | Why it is used | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Clear point of view | The reader knows what you think from the start | I strongly believe that every pupil should learn to swim. |
| Reasons | Explain why you think this | One important reason is safety. |
| Evidence and examples | Make your reasons believable | For example, many families spend their summer holidays at the beach. |
| Logical order | Each point builds on the last | Firstly… Secondly… Most importantly… |
| Linking words | Join ideas and show how they connect | Furthermore, However, As a result, For instance |
| Rhetorical question | Makes the reader think | Who would not want to feel safe in the water? |
| Direct address | Speaks to the reader | Think about how you feel after a long swim. |
| Emotive language | Touches the reader's feelings | Nothing is more frightening than… |
| Rule of three | Makes a point memorable | Swimming is healthy, fun and life-saving. |
| A fair nod to the other side | Shows you have thought carefully | Some people say lessons are expensive. However, … |
| Format features | Match the task | Article: title + subheadings. Letter: Dear…, Yours sincerely. Speech: Good morning, everyone. |
3. How to structure opinion writing
An essay gives the opinion directly in the first paragraph (thesis statement). An article often starts in a more interesting way, with a short story, a fact or a question, and then gives the writer's opinion (the claim). An article can use subheadings, but an essay is written in paragraphs without them.
| Paragraph | What to write | Example ideas |
|---|---|---|
| Title (article) | Short and interesting. It can show your view | Why Paper Books Still Win |
| 1. Introduction | Hook (question, fact, mini-story) + background (what the issue is) + your opinion in one clear sentence | Have you ever fallen asleep with a book on your face? … I believe paper books are better. |
| 2. Reason 1 (REAP) | Your strongest reason, with evidence, explanation and a persuasive tool | Paper books are better for our eyes. |
| 3. Reason 2 (REAP) | Another reason | They help us concentrate. |
| 4. The other side (optional, short) | Mention what others think, then show why your view is still stronger | Some say tablets are lighter. However, … |
| 5. Conclusion | Restate your view in new words, sum up the reasons, end with a final thought, question or prediction | So next time you choose a story, reach for paper. |
- R — Reason: why you hold this opinion (the topic sentence).
- E — Evidence: a fact, an example, a number or a short story from real life.
- A — Analysis: explain how the evidence proves your reason (This shows that… This means that…).
- P — Persuasive tool: finish with a rhetorical question, emotive language, the rule of three or a strong statement.
REAP example: *One important reason is that paper books help us concentrate.* (Reason) *When I read on a tablet, a message or a game notification often pops up after a few minutes.* (Evidence) *This means my attention jumps away from the story, and I have to read the same page again.* (Analysis) *How can we enjoy an adventure if we keep leaving it?* (Persuasive tool)
How to start: openings you can adapt
- A question: Have you ever wondered why so many pupils feel tired on Monday mornings?
- A short story (anecdote): Last summer, my little cousin jumped into the deep end of the pool, and for one terrible second, nobody moved.
- A surprising fact: Children today spend more time looking at screens than playing outside. That worries me.
- Imagine…: Imagine a school where every break time was spent in a beautiful green garden.
- Straight to the point (essay): In my opinion, school uniforms are a good idea for three main reasons.
How to end: closings you can adapt
- Restate + final thought: For all these reasons, I am convinced that every child should learn to swim. It is a skill that could one day save a life.
- A question to remember: If something makes us healthier, happier and kinder, why would we not choose it?
- A prediction: If we make this small change now, our school will be a better place for everyone next year.
- A gentle invitation: Next time you have a choice, try it for yourself. I think you will agree with me.
4. Useful phrases and vocabulary
Giving your opinion
- In my opinion, …
- I strongly believe that…
- I am convinced that…
- From my point of view, …
- It seems clear to me that…
Reasons
- One important reason is that…
- Another reason why I think this is…
- Most importantly, …
- The main reason I believe this is…
Evidence and examples
- For example, …
- For instance, …
- Research shows that…
- A good example of this is…
- From my own experience, …
Analysis
- This shows that…
- This means that…
- As a result, …
- Because of this, …
The other side
- Some people argue that… However, …
- Although it is true that…, …
- Of course, … but…
- Others may disagree, yet…
Conclusion
- In conclusion, …
- For all these reasons, …
- To sum up, …
- Overall, I firmly believe that…
| Word / phrase | Meaning / use |
|---|---|
| opinion | what you think or believe about something |
| viewpoint | a way of thinking about a topic |
| convinced | completely sure |
| essential | extremely important, necessary |
| valuable | very useful or important |
| beneficial | good for you, helpful |
| harmful | causing damage or hurt |
| concentrate | give all your attention to something |
| encourage | help someone to want to do something |
| evidence | facts or examples that prove something |
| argue | give reasons for an opinion |
| admittedly | it is true that (used before you mention the other side) |
| undoubtedly | certainly, without any doubt |
| overall | when you think about everything |
| especially | more than usual, particularly |
5. Strong sample answer
Why Paper Books Still Win
Have you ever fallen asleep with a book on your face? I have, many times, and I always wake up smiling. These days, more and more pupils read stories on tablets and phones. Screens are useful, but when it comes to reading stories, I strongly believe that paper books are better.
One important reason is that paper books are kinder to our eyes. After an hour of reading on a tablet, my eyes often feel dry and sore, especially at night. With a paper book, I can read for much longer without a headache. This shows that paper lets us enjoy stories for longer. Surely our eyes deserve a rest from screens after a long school day?
Another reason is that paper books help us concentrate. When I read on a screen, a message or a game notification often pops up after a few minutes. My attention jumps away from the story, and I have to read the same page again. A book has no notifications, no adverts and no batteries. How can we enjoy an adventure if we keep leaving it?
Most importantly, paper books feel special. I still remember the smell of the first book my grandfather gave me and the note he wrote inside it. This shows that a paper book can become a treasured memory, not just something to read. You cannot wrap an e-book as a birthday present or keep it on a shelf for your own children.
Admittedly, some people argue that tablets are lighter and can hold hundreds of stories. This is true, and it is useful on long journeys. However, a lighter bag is not worth tired eyes and a wandering mind.
For all these reasons, I am convinced that paper books are still the best way to enjoy a story. Next time you visit the school library, choose a real book. I think you will agree with me.
- Creation 5/5: all three bullets are covered: opinion (end of paragraph 1), reasons with examples (paragraphs 2–4), what others might say (paragraph 5). The viewpoint is clear and never changes. The friendly, thoughtful tone suits a school magazine.
- Vocabulary 3/3: precise words (concentrate, notifications, wandering mind, admittedly, convinced) and persuasive tools: rhetorical questions, the rule of three (no notifications, no adverts and no batteries), an emotional anecdote about the grandfather followed by a strong statement (You cannot wrap an e-book…), and direct address (Next time you visit…).
- Structure 7/7: article title. Introduction with hook (question), background (pupils use tablets) and claim. Three REAP paragraphs, each starting with a clear reason. A short paragraph for the other side. A conclusion that restates the view and ends with an invitation. Linking words guide the reader (One important reason, Another reason, Most importantly, Admittedly, However, For all these reasons).
- Grammar & punctuation 7/7: complex sentences with when, after and if. Contrast shown with but and however. Question marks used correctly. Commas after opening phrases. A list punctuated correctly. Consistent present tense for the issue and past tense for the memory.
- Spelling 3/3: ambitious words spelt correctly: especially, headache, concentrate, notification, grandfather, admittedly, convinced.
Timing plan for Section B (about 30 minutes)
| Minutes | What to do |
|---|---|
| 0–4 | Read the task twice. Underline the format (article, letter, speech), the reader and every bullet. Decide your opinion and stick to it. |
| 4–6 | Plan: hook · opinion · 2–3 reasons with one example each · the other side · conclusion. |
| 6–26 | Aim for about 250–350 words. Use REAP in each body paragraph. |
| 26–30 | Check: is my opinion the same at the start and the end? linking words? question marks? spelling? |
6. Common mistakes
| Mistake | Why it costs marks | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Giving reasons without examples | Points are not developed (Creation) | Add an example or a fact after each reason |
| Changing your opinion halfway | The viewpoint is unclear | Decide before you write and keep it |
| Writing both sides equally | That is a balanced argument, not an opinion piece | Give the other side one short paragraph only, then answer it |
| Repeating 'I think' in every sentence | Weak vocabulary | Use I believe, I am convinced, In my view, It seems clear |
| Being rude: 'People who disagree are stupid' | Wrong tone for the reader | Be polite: 'Some people argue that… However, …' |
| No conclusion, or a new reason in the conclusion | Weak structure | Restate your view and sum up |
| Ignoring the format (no title for an article, no 'Dear…' for a letter) | Loses Structure marks | Match the layout to the task |
- My opinion is clear in the introduction and again in the conclusion.
- The introduction has a hook, background and my opinion.
- Each body paragraph follows REAP (Reason, Evidence, Analysis, Persuasive tool).
- At least two persuasive tools (rhetorical question, rule of three, emotive words, direct address).
- One short paragraph answers what others might say.
- Linking words at the start of paragraphs.
- The layout matches the format (title for an article, Dear… for a letter).
- Spelling and question marks checked.
- حدّد رأيك من البداية ولا تغيّره. يجب أن يظهر رأيك في المقدمة، ثم تكرره بكلمات مختلفة في الخاتمة.
- كل فقرة = سبب واحد بطريقة REAP: السبب، ثم مثال أو دليل، ثم شرح (This shows that…)، ثم أغلق الفقرة بسؤال بلاغي أو جملة قوية.
- اذكر رأي المخالفين لك في فقرة قصيرة وردّ عليه (Admittedly… However…). إذا كتبت الجانبين بالتساوي فهذا balanced argument وليس opinion.
Practice tasks
Your head teacher wants to know what pupils think: 'Should every school have a vegetable garden?' Write a letter to the head teacher giving your opinion. (Plan only.)
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Format: Dear Mrs [name], … Yours sincerely, + full name. P1: hook (a fact about how few children know where food comes from) + background + opinion: yes. P2 REAP: pupils learn science outdoors (example: watching seeds grow). P3 REAP: healthier eating (example: pupils are proud to eat what they grow). P4 the other side: it needs time and water. Answer: a garden club can look after it. P5 conclusion: restate the view politely, final thought.Decide the text type for each task: (a) 'Explain your view on whether pupils should wear uniforms.' (b) 'Write a speech to persuade your class to join the reading club.' (c) 'Write about the advantages and disadvantages of school trips.'
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(a) Opinion writing: give and explain your view. (b) Persuasive writing: you want people to act (join). (c) Balanced argument: both sides fairly.Write a REAP paragraph for the opinion 'Pupils should have longer break times.'
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Example: 'One important reason is that pupils need to move. (R) In our school, break lasts only fifteen minutes, and many pupils spend half of it queueing for food. (E) This means that they return to class restless and unable to concentrate. (A) Is it fair to expect our best work when we have had no time to breathe? (P)'Improve this weak opening: 'I am going to write about homework. I think it is good.'
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Example: 'Imagine reaching your exam and realising you had never practised on your own. Homework is sometimes boring, but I strongly believe that it is one of the best ways to prepare for success.' (Hook + background + clear opinion, and no 'I am going to write about'.)Rewrite this rude sentence about the other side so that it is polite and still keeps your view: 'People who like screens are wrong and lazy.'
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Example: 'Admittedly, some people prefer screens because they are convenient. However, I believe the benefits of paper books are greater.'Which sentence is a better conclusion, and why? (a) 'Also, books are cheap.' (b) 'For all these reasons, I am convinced that reading every day is a habit worth keeping.'
Show answer
(b), because it restates the opinion in new words and closes the piece. (a) adds a new reason, which belongs in the body, not in the conclusion.
All pages in this course
Start here: the exam
Reading: grammar & punctuation
- Parts of Speech (Word Classes)
- Phrases and Clauses
- Sentence Types and Kinds
- Conjunctions and Connectives
- Punctuation: Every Mark and Why Writers Use It
- Grammar in Use: Tenses, Passive, Reported Speech and More
Reading: understanding texts
- Text Types and Their Features
- Purpose, Fact and Opinion, and Viewpoint
- Inference, Main Ideas and Themes
- Language Effects: Figurative Language, Tone and Mood
- Vocabulary Skills: Context Clues, Word Parts, Spelling and Idioms
- How to Tackle Paper 1 and Paper 2 Reading
Paper 1 writing: non-fiction
- Paper 1 Writing Basics: Purpose, Format, Register and G.A.A.P.
- Autobiography
- Biography
- Recount Writing
- Diary Writing
- Informal and Formal Letters
- Formal and Informal Emails
- Blog Post
- Magazine Article
- Newspaper Report — Writing Pack
- Non-Chronological Report — Writing Pack
- Opinion Writing — Writing Pack
- Persuasive Writing — Writing Pack
- Balanced Argument (Argumentative Writing)
- Leaflet Writing
- Review Writing
- Instruction Writing
- Report Writing
Paper 2 writing: fiction