Checkpoint 8 · Paper 1 writing (non-fiction)
Travel Writing (Travel Articles)
A recent Checkpoint Paper 1 task type: how to write a travel article that brings a journey and a place to life with sensory description, reflection and every bullet point covered, with two strong 350+ word samples (a trip you took and a destination guide).
British & IGCSE › Checkpoint 8 English (Cambridge Lower Secondary 0861)
1. What is travel writing?
Travel writing brings a place and a journey to life for the reader. It mixes vivid, sensory description (what you saw, heard, smelt, tasted and felt) with your own reactions and reflections. Its purpose is part descriptive (make the reader feel they are there), part informative (useful facts and tips) and often part persuasive (make them want to go).
- A travel article about a place visited on holiday has been set as the Paper 1 writing task in a recent Checkpoint series, so this genre deserves serious practice.
- It sits in Paper 1 (Non-fiction), Section B Writing, worth 25 marks. You write one extended piece and are given space to plan.
- The task usually gives you bullet points to cover (for example the journey, the place, the people with you, something that happened). Every bullet point needs its own developed paragraph.
- Travel writing can also be hidden inside other wording: "write about a memorable place you have visited", "describe a place for a magazine", "a competition entry about your favourite place". If the task names a format (article, blog, letter), use that format's layout.
There are two main kinds of travel writing you should be ready for:
| Type 1: Travel article about a trip you took | Type 2: Destination guide | |
|---|---|---|
| What it is | A personal account of a real (or realistic) trip: the journey, the place, the people, what happened | A guide that describes a place and persuades readers to visit |
| Main tense | Past tense for the trip. Present tense for what the place is like | Present tense. Imperatives ("Begin at...", "Take a boat...") |
| Person | First person: "I", "we" | Second person: "you" (with some "I") |
| Shape | Chronological journey: arrival → place → key event → reflection | A tour through the place: highlights → hidden gems → tips → final push |
| Ending | Reflection: what the trip meant to you + advice to the reader | Persuasive call to visit |
| Close relatives | Recount, autobiography, blog | Leaflet, review, persuasive article |
A recount simply tells what happened in order. A travel article does more: it makes the place the star. Every paragraph should help the reader see, hear and feel the place, and your reactions should make them want to go (or understand why it mattered to you). If your answer could happen anywhere, it is a recount. If it could only happen in that place, it is travel writing.
How it is marked (25 marks)
| Category | Marks | What a top-band travel article shows |
|---|---|---|
| Creation of texts (older name: content, purpose and audience) | 5 | Every bullet point in the task covered and developed. A strong sense of place. A personal voice that reflects on the experience. Content that keeps the reader interested to the end. |
| Vocabulary and language | 3 | Sensory and ambitious vocabulary ("shimmering", "bustling", "tranquil", "aroma") and controlled imagery (similes, metaphors, personification) chosen for effect, not stuffed in. |
| Structure of texts (older name: text structure) | 7 | A clear route through the piece (chronological or a tour of the place). Paragraphs that each have a focus. Time and place connectives. An opening that hooks and an ending that reflects or persuades. |
| Grammar and punctuation (older name: sentence structure, punctuation and grammar) | 7 | Real variety: short sentences for a burst of atmosphere, long complex sentences for description, questions and imperatives to involve the reader. Tenses controlled. Accurate commas, colons, dashes and inverted commas. |
| Word structure (spelling) | 3 | Accurate spelling of descriptive and place vocabulary ("breathtaking", "atmosphere", "souvenir", "magnificent"). |
| Total | 25 | Section B of Paper 1 (Non-fiction) |
- Writing the wrong text type caps Creation of texts at 1 mark, and in recent mark schemes Structure of texts is capped too. Always check the format the task names.
- 20 words or fewer scores 0. Between 21 and 60 words, the whole answer can score no more than 7 out of 25.
- Your plan is not marked, so keep it short (notes, not sentences) and spend your time on the answer.
- The examiner uses best fit: you get the band that matches your writing overall, so one strong paragraph cannot hide five weak ones.
How to get full marks: the checklist
- Underline every bullet point in the task and give each one a full paragraph.
- Open with a hook that puts the reader inside the place or the journey.
- Use at least three senses, not sight alone.
- Include people: who you were with, a local you met, what someone said.
- Tell one key moment in detail, like a mini-story (something unexpected is ideal).
- Add a practical tip or a hidden gem beyond the famous sights.
- Reflect: how did the place make you feel, and what did you learn?
- End with a lasting impression or a recommendation to the reader.
2. Features of travel writing
| Feature | Type | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Catchy headline | Layout | "Floating in the Desert: Three Days in Siwa Oasis" |
| Subheadings (optional, longer articles) | Layout | "Getting there" / "Where to eat" |
| Hook opening | Structure | "Nine hours. That is how long it takes..." |
| Sensory description | Language | "The air smells of warm dates and woodsmoke." |
| Imagery: simile, metaphor, personification | Language | "columns rise like a forest of stone" / "a camel watched us with complete indifference" |
| Strong sense of place | Content | Real names and details: the coast road, the salt lakes, the souq |
| First-person reflection | Content | "I came home with a memory of silence that I still think about." |
| People and dialogue | Content | "...announced that we were now 'real desert explorers'." |
| A key event | Content | Getting stuck on a dune |
| Practical tips | Content | "Visit between October and April." |
| Direct address | Language | "If you visit, do not leave without..." |
| Short sentences for atmosphere | Grammar | "Nobody spoke. Nobody needed to." |
| Time and place connectives | Structure | by the sixth hour, the next morning, above the town, just outside |
| Reflective or persuasive ending | Structure | "The oasis is real, and it is worth every one of those nine hours." |
3. How to structure it
Type 1 — Travel article about a trip (about 350-450 words, 6 paragraphs). This is the shape that fits a task with bullet points about the journey, the place, the people and an event.
| Paragraph | What to write | Covers bullet point |
|---|---|---|
| Headline | Place + an intriguing angle | - |
| 1. Hook | Drop the reader into a moment (arrival, a sound, a surprising fact). Name the place. Hint why it is worth reading about | The place |
| 2. The journey | How you travelled, who with, what you saw on the way, how you felt | The journey + the people |
| 3. First impressions | Describe the place with at least three senses. The atmosphere. One landmark | The place |
| 4. The key moment | One event told like a mini-story: build-up, problem or surprise, outcome, feelings | Something that happened |
| 5. Hidden gem or tip | Something beyond the famous sights. Advice for the reader | Extra development |
| 6. Reflection | What the trip meant to you. A recommendation. Echo your opening | Feelings / final impression |
Type 2 — Destination guide (about 350-450 words, 6 paragraphs).
| Paragraph | What to write |
|---|---|
| Headline | Place + promise: "Luxor: Where Every Stone Has a Story" |
| 1. Hook | "Imagine..." or a vivid scene. Name the place. Say why it is special |
| 2. Main attraction 1 | Describe it in rich detail. How it feels to be there |
| 3. Main attraction 2 | A different kind of experience (night, nature, food) |
| 4. Attraction 3 or the surroundings | Move the reader through the place with direction words |
| 5. Local life and tips | Hidden gems, food, people, when to go, what to bring |
| 6. Final persuasion | A memorable summary line + call to visit |
- Copy the task's bullet points into the planning space and write a paragraph number next to each.
- Under each one, jot three details: one sight, one other sense, one feeling.
- Choose your key moment before you start writing; it is the heart of the piece.
- Decide your last line in advance, so you finish strongly even if time is short.
How to start: openings
Hooks
- [Number] hours. That is how long it takes to reach [place], and...
- The first thing you notice about [place] is the [sound / smell / colour].
- Imagine [vivid scene]. This is not a dream. This is [place].
- Nestled in the heart of [region] lies a place that...
- The moment I stepped off the [bus / boat / train], I was struck by...
- Few places in the world can compare to [place].
How to end: closings
Reflective and persuasive endings
- [Place] is not a place you simply visit; it is a place that [effect on you].
- I went expecting [ordinary thing]. I came home with [memorable things].
- If you are tired of [ordinary holidays], [place] is waiting for you.
- Pack your bags, book your ticket and go.
- Some places you see, and others you feel. [Place] is both.
- Visiting [place] is not just a trip; it is an experience that stays with you.
4. Useful phrases and vocabulary
The journey
- We set off at dawn, when the streets were still...
- The road wound through... before...
- By the [third] hour, ...
- Mile after mile, the landscape changed from... to...
Setting the scene (senses)
- The streets are alive with the sound of...
- The air is filled with the aroma of...
- Beneath my feet, the [sand / stones] felt...
- The taste of [local food] still lingers in my memory.
Attractions and experiences
- No visit would be complete without...
- Nothing prepares you for...
- What truly sets [place] apart is...
- Beyond the tourist spots, you will discover...
Feelings and reflection
- For a moment, I forgot...
- I felt dwarfed by...
- It was then that I realised...
- I still think about...
Short sentences for atmosphere
- Silence. Just the sound of the waves.
- I stopped. I stared. I could not look away.
- Pure magic.
- Nobody spoke. Nobody needed to.
| Word / phrase | Meaning / use |
|---|---|
| breathtaking (adj.) | extremely beautiful or impressive |
| tranquil (adj.) | calm, quiet and peaceful |
| bustling (adj.) | full of busy activity |
| vibrant (adj.) | full of energy, colour and life |
| remote (adj.) | far away from towns and people |
| unspoilt (adj.) | not changed or damaged by building or tourism |
| rugged (adj.) | rough, rocky and uneven |
| sprawling (adj.) | spreading out widely and irregularly |
| wander (v.) | to walk slowly with no fixed route |
| immerse (v.) | to involve yourself completely: "immerse yourself in the culture" |
| haggle (v.) | to argue politely over a price |
| panorama (n.) | a wide, uninterrupted view |
| landmark (n.) | a famous feature that marks a place |
| aroma (n.) | a pleasant, noticeable smell |
| hospitality (n.) | a friendly, generous welcome for visitors |
5. Strong sample 1: travel article about a trip
Floating in the Desert: Three Days in Siwa Oasis
Nine hours. That is how long it takes to drive from Cairo to Siwa, and by the sixth hour, as the last petrol station disappeared behind us and the road melted into a shimmering line of heat, I was beginning to wonder whether the oasis was real at all. Then, quite suddenly, it appeared: a dark green island of palm trees floating on an ocean of sand. If you have ever doubted that a place can take your breath away, Siwa is waiting to prove you wrong.
I made the journey last spring with my father, my older brother Karim and my cousin Ziad, who had promised us "the best holiday of our lives" and then fallen asleep before we had even left the city. We drove west along the coast road to Marsa Matrouh, where we stopped to eat grilled fish beside a sea so turquoise it looked painted, before turning south into the Western Desert. The final stretch was long and empty, yet strangely beautiful. Rocky hills gave way to rolling dunes, and at one point a lone camel watched us pass with complete indifference.
Siwa itself feels like a town that has quietly refused to hurry. Donkey carts rattle along dusty lanes, children wave from doorways and the air smells of warm dates and woodsmoke. Above the town rise the ruins of Shali, an old fortress built from blocks of salt and mud that partly melted in a rare, heavy rainstorm about a hundred years ago. Climbing its crumbling walls at sunset, we watched the whole oasis turn gold, then pink, then a deep, velvety blue. Nobody spoke. Nobody needed to.
The moment I will never forget, however, came on our second day. Our guide drove us deep into the Great Sand Sea in an old four-by-four that groaned at every slope. Halfway up an enormous dune, the engine coughed, the wheels spun and we slid slowly backwards until we were stuck fast. For a few anxious minutes, the silence of the desert felt anything but peaceful. Then our guide simply laughed, handed each of us a shovel and announced that we were now "real desert explorers". Twenty sweaty minutes later, we were free — and Ziad, finally wide awake, was sandboarding down the very dune that had trapped us.
If you visit, do not leave without floating in one of the salt lakes just outside the town. The water is so salty that you cannot sink even if you try; you simply lie back and drift beneath a sky without a single cloud. A word of advice: keep your eyes closed and never rub them afterwards!
Siwa is not a place you simply visit; it is a place that slows you down until you notice everything. I went expecting a long drive and some palm trees. I came home with sand in my shoes, a sunburnt nose and a memory of silence that I still think about. If you are tired of crowded resorts and noisy cities, take the long road west. The oasis is real, and it is worth every one of those nine hours.
- Creation of texts 5/5: every bullet point is covered and developed — the journey (paragraphs 1-2), first impressions of the place (paragraph 3), the people (Karim, Ziad, the guide, woven through paragraphs 2 and 4), a moment never forgotten (paragraph 4). The personal, reflective voice and the advice to the reader suit a magazine travel issue.
- Vocabulary and language 3/3: sensory, precise vocabulary — "shimmering", "turquoise", "rattle", "woodsmoke", "crumbling", "velvety", "groaned". Imagery is controlled: the metaphor "a dark green island of palm trees floating on an ocean of sand", the simile-like comparison "so turquoise it looked painted", and personification (the old four-by-four that "groaned", the engine that "coughed").
- Structure of texts 7/7: a hooking headline and opening → the journey → the place → the key event → a practical tip → a reflective conclusion that echoes the opening ("nine hours", "the oasis is real"). Time connectives keep the journey clear: "by the sixth hour", "Then, quite suddenly", "on our second day", "Twenty sweaty minutes later".
- Grammar and punctuation 7/7 (sentences): a one-word minor sentence as a hook ("Nine hours."). Short sentences for effect ("Nobody spoke. Nobody needed to."). Long complex sentences for description. An imperative to advise the reader ("take the long road west"). Tenses are controlled: past for the trip, present for what Siwa is like now.
- Grammar and punctuation 7/7 (punctuation): colons introduce an explanation and emphasis ("it appeared: a dark green island...", "A word of advice: ..."). Semicolons join two closely related independent clauses (paragraphs 5 and 6). A single dash adds emphasis before the twist (paragraph 4). Inverted commas quote people's words ("real desert explorers"). Commas mark a list of three colours.
- Word structure (spelling) 3/3: accurate spelling of "indifference", "turquoise", "shimmering", "anxious", "announced", "sandboarding", "afterwards".
Strong sample 2: destination guide
Luxor: Where Every Stone Has a Story
Imagine walking along an avenue lined with stone sphinxes, each one carved more than two thousand years ago, while the call to prayer drifts across the Nile and the evening sky turns the colour of apricots. This is not a film set. This is Luxor, a city in southern Egypt often described as the world's greatest open-air museum, and if you visit only one place in your lifetime, it should be this one.
Begin on the East Bank at Karnak, a vast temple complex that was built and rebuilt over many centuries. Nothing prepares you for the Great Hypostyle Hall. One hundred and thirty-four gigantic columns rise around you like a forest of stone, so tall and so tightly packed that the sunlight falls between them in narrow golden beams. Look closely and you will see that almost every surface is carved: kings making offerings, gods in tall crowns and rows of hieroglyphs as crisp as if the sculptor had left yesterday.
From Karnak, follow the Avenue of Sphinxes, an ancient road almost three kilometres long, to Luxor Temple. Try to arrive after dark; that is when the temple is at its most beautiful. Lit from below, the temple glows amber against the black sky, and its towering statues seem to watch you as you wander between them. It is, quite simply, magical.
The next morning, set your alarm early — painfully early. At dawn, hot-air balloons rise silently over the West Bank, and from the basket you can see the bright green ribbon of farmland along the river end abruptly at the golden desert cliffs. Hidden in those cliffs lies the Valley of the Kings, where pharaohs were buried in tombs cut deep into the rock. Inside, the corridors are cool and hushed, and the painted ceilings still glow with blues and yellows that have survived for more than three thousand years.
Luxor is not only about the past, though. Take a felucca, a traditional wooden sailing boat, across the Nile at sunset and let the wind do the work. Wander through the souq, where the scent of hibiscus and cumin hangs in the air and friendly shopkeepers will expect you to haggle. Visit between October and April, when the days are warm rather than scorching, and carry plenty of water: you will walk much further than you think.
Some places you see, and others you feel. Luxor is both. It will fill your camera with photographs and your head with stories, but above all it will remind you how short one lifetime is beside the patience of stone. Pack your bags, book your ticket and go. The pharaohs have been waiting long enough.
- Creation of texts 5/5: a destination guide with a clear double purpose — describe AND persuade. All three bullet points are developed: what to see and do (paragraphs 2-5), what makes it special (paragraphs 1 and 6), advice for visitors (the timing tips in paragraphs 3-5). The second-person voice ("you") speaks directly to young readers of a website.
- Vocabulary and language 3/3: precise, ambitious description — "gigantic", "crisp", "glows amber", "hushed", "abruptly", "scorching" — and travel vocabulary ("souq", "felucca", "haggle"). The simile "like a forest of stone" and the personification "the patience of stone" are original and purposeful.
- Structure of texts 7/7: organised as a journey through the place — East Bank by day → evening walk → West Bank at dawn → local life and tips → conclusion. Each paragraph opens with a signpost that moves the reader ("Begin on...", "From Karnak, follow...", "The next morning...", "Luxor is not only about the past, though."). The ending returns to the stone image of the opening.
- Grammar and punctuation 7/7 (sentences): an imperative opening ("Imagine..."). Repeated short sentences for impact ("This is not a film set.", "Luxor is both."). Complex sentences with relative clauses for detail ("where pharaohs were buried..."). Imperatives that guide the visitor ("Begin", "Try", "Take", "Pack").
- Grammar and punctuation 7/7 (punctuation): colons for a list ("carved: kings..., gods... and rows of hieroglyphs") and an explanation ("carry plenty of water: you will walk..."). A semicolon joining two closely related clauses ("Try to arrive after dark; that is when the temple is at its most beautiful."). A single dash for emphasis ("early — painfully early"). Pairs of commas around extra information ("a felucca, a traditional wooden sailing boat,").
- Word structure (spelling) 3/3: accurate spelling of "hieroglyphs", "Hypostyle", "sculptor", "pharaohs", "abruptly", "scorching", "photographs".
- Sample 1 is mainly past tense and "I/we"; it follows the order of the trip and centres on one event (stuck on the dune).
- Sample 2 is present tense and "you"; it walks the reader through the place and ends by persuading them to go.
- Both use the senses, imagery, short sentences for atmosphere, practical tips and an ending that echoes the opening.
Timing in the exam
In Paper 1 (1 hour 10 minutes in total) the suggested time for Section B Writing is about 35 minutes (some older papers suggested 30 minutes). Section A Reading comes first, so do not let it eat into your writing time: the writing task is worth the same 25 marks.
| Minutes | What to do |
|---|---|
| 0-5 | G.A.A.P. the task (Genre, Audience, Area of content, Purpose). Underline every bullet point. Write a quick paragraph plan in the planning space. |
| 5-30 | Write. Aim for about 350-450 words in 5-7 paragraphs. Keep one eye on your plan so every bullet point is covered. |
| 30-35 | Check: spelling of ambitious words, full stops between sentences (no comma splices), verb tenses, capital letters, and that the ending does what the task asks. |
6. Common mistakes
| Mistake | Why it loses marks | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Missing a bullet point (often the people or the journey) | Task not fully covered (Creation of texts) | Tick each bullet in your plan as you write it |
| A list of places ("Then we went to... then we went to...") | No description, no development | Fewer places, described in depth |
| Sight only | Description stays flat | Add sound, smell, taste and touch |
| Too many similes in every sentence | Overwritten. Loses control | Two or three strong images are enough |
| No feelings or reflection | No personal voice | Say how the place made you feel and why |
| Mixing tenses by accident | Grammar errors (Grammar and punctuation) | Past for the trip, present for what the place is always like |
| Ending with "It was a good trip" | Weak ending (Structure of texts) | Reflect or recommend. Echo your opening |
Final checklist before you hand in
- Every bullet point in the task has its own developed paragraph.
- My headline and opening hook the reader.
- I used at least three senses and two or three strong images.
- People appear in my article (and maybe a line of what someone said).
- One key moment is told in detail.
- I included a tip or hidden gem.
- My ending reflects or persuades and links back to the opening.
- Tenses, commas and spelling of place names and descriptive words are checked.
- اكتب فقرة كاملة لكل نقطة في السؤال (الرحلة، المكان، الأشخاص، موقف حدث). نسيان نقطة واحدة يخفض درجة المحتوى.
- اجعل المكان هو البطل: صف ما رأيت وسمعت وشممت وتذوقت ولمست، ولا تكتفِ بقائمة أماكن زرتها.
- احكِ موقفاً واحداً بالتفصيل كأنه قصة قصيرة، ثم عبّر عن مشاعرك وما تعلمته.
- استخدم الماضي لأحداث الرحلة، والمضارع لوصف المكان كما هو دائماً.
Practice tasks
Task 1: Write an article for a young people's magazine about a day trip you took with your class to a place you had never visited before. You could write about: • how you got there • what the place was like • who you spent the day with • an event that surprised you. Plan your paragraphs.
Show answer
Headline: "Lost (and Found) in Old Cairo". P1 Hook: the moment you stepped off the bus into Al-Muizz Street — the noise, the smell of spices. P2 Journey: an early bus, friends singing, traffic on the ring road, teacher counting heads, your excitement or doubts. P3 The place: carved wooden balconies, copper lanterns, call to prayer, fresh bread, and one landmark described in detail. P4 People: your best friend and a shopkeeper who showed you how lanterns are made. P5 The surprise: you got separated from the group in Khan el-Khalili: build-up, panic, a kind stranger helped, reunion. P6 Reflection: what you learnt about your own city + a recommendation to readers.Task 2: A website asks young people to write about "The Best Place in My Country for a Weekend". Write a destination guide that persuades readers to visit. Plan the six paragraphs.
Show answer
Headline: "Dahab: Where the Mountains Meet the Sea". P1: "Imagine..." hook — turquoise water, red mountains, and why it is special. P2: snorkelling over the coral reef — colours, silence underwater, fish. P3: a sunset camel ride or hike in the mountains — contrast with the sea. P4: the seafront at night — cafés, lights, music, the smell of grilled fish. P5: tips — best months, what to pack, haggle politely in the market, a hidden quiet beach. P6: memorable summary line + "Pack your bags" call to visit.Rewrite this flat sentence as vivid travel writing using at least two senses and one image: "The market was busy and had lots of food."
Show answer
Possible answer: "The market roared like a waterfall of voices, and every stall seemed to compete for my attention: pyramids of golden oranges, sacks of red chilli powder and trays of warm bread whose smell pulled me forward before I had even decided to move." (Sound + sight + smell, a simile, and a colon introducing a list.)Which tense should you use? (a) Describing what you did on the second day of the trip. (b) Describing what the town is like for any visitor. (c) Giving the reader advice.
Show answer
(a) Past tense: "On the second day, we drove into the dunes." (b) Present tense: "Donkey carts rattle along dusty lanes." (c) Imperative: "Visit between October and April."
All pages in this course
Start here: the exam
Reading: grammar & punctuation
- Parts of Speech
- Phrases and Clauses
- Sentence Types, Kinds and Their Effects
- Connectives, Conjunctions and Linking Paragraphs
- Punctuation: Rules and 'Why Has the Writer Used...?'
- Grammar in Use: Tenses, Voice, Speech and Accuracy
Reading: understanding texts
- Text Types and Their Features
- Purpose, Fact and Opinion, and Viewpoint
- Inference, Main Ideas, Themes and Summary
- Language, Devices and Their Effects
- Vocabulary Skills: Context Clues, Word Parts, Idioms and Spelling
- Poetry and Drama: Elements, Types and How They're Asked
- Reading Exam Technique: Paper 1 and Paper 2
Paper 1 writing: non-fiction
- Paper 1 Writing Basics: Purpose, Format, Register and G.A.A.P.
- Autobiography
- Biography
- Recount
- Diary Entry
- Informal and Formal Letters
- Formal and Informal Emails
- Blog Post
- Magazine Article
- Newspaper Report — Writing Pack
- Non-Chronological Reports and Informational Texts — Writing Pack
- Opinion Writing — Writing Pack
- Persuasive Writing — Writing Pack
- Argumentative Writing: One-sided and Balanced (Discursive)
- Problem and Solution Writing
- Leaflet Writing
- Travel Writing (Travel Articles)
- Review Writing
- Instruction Writing
- Advice Writing
Paper 2 writing: fiction
- Fiction Writing Basics: Everything for Paper 2 Writing
- Describing a Setting
- Describing a Character
- Creating Suspense
- Science Fiction and Dystopian Stories
- Fantasy Stories
- Adventure Stories
- Horror Stories (Spooky, Not Gory)
- Mystery Stories
- Crime Mystery (Detective) Stories
- Realistic Fiction: STEAL and Imagery
- Fables and Fairy Tales
- Myths and Legends