Oxford ESL 9280 · Writing
Question 2: Letters and Emails (How to Get 12/12)
The complete letter and email pack: formal and informal register, greetings and sign-offs, a paragraph plan, the tick strategy for compulsory points, and four full-mark models (Q2 letters and a Q3 email).
British & IGCSE › Oxford International GCSE English as a Second Language
Question 2 asks you to write a letter of 50-70 words that includes three compulsory points. It is worth 12 marks: 6 for Content and Communication and 6 for Language. This pack shows you how to get 12/12: when to be formal and when to be informal, how to open and close, how to cover every point quickly, and how to show the variety of language examiners reward. It also covers the email, which can appear as the form for Question 3 (longer, with more marks), so you know exactly what changes.
What the task is and where it sits
| Item | Question 2: Letter | Email as Question 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Position | Second of four compulsory questions | Third question (Q3 can be a blog, diary, email, report or article) |
| Words | 50-70 | 70-90 |
| Marks | 12 = Content 6 + Language 6 | 16 = Content 8 + Language 8 |
| Compulsory points | 3 key points ("You must include:") | 3-4 bullet points (usually 4) |
| Skills tested | W2, W3 | W2, W3, W4 |
| Typical reader | Parents, a friend, a family member, students, a head teacher | Usually a friend |
| Address and date | Not needed. The task says: Do not write an address. | Not needed. A subject line or "To:" line is optional and earns nothing. |
| Suggested time | About 14 minutes (3 plan, 9 write, 2 check) | About 20 minutes (4 plan, 13 write, 3 check) |
- For marks, a letter and an email are written in the same way. The examiner does not reward layout, so the difference is only on the surface (an email may be a little more relaxed and may have a subject line).
- What changes is the QUESTION NUMBER. In Q2 you write 50-70 words for 12 marks with 3 points. When an email is set as Q3, you write 70-90 words for 16 marks, usually with 4 bullets, and the top language band asks for a wide and effective variety.
- Recent papers have set a letter in Q2 every time. If Q2 ever asks for an email instead, write it exactly like a Q2 letter: 50-70 words, 3 points, same 12 marks.
The marks and what each band needs (Q2)
| Content and Communication | Marks | What it looks like |
|---|---|---|
| Level 3 | 5-6 | All three points are covered, everything is relevant, there is real detail (especially reasons), and the meaning is clear at once. |
| Level 2 | 3-4 | Mostly relevant, but only some points are covered or some sentences are unclear and slow the reader down. |
| Level 1 | 1-2 | Only a few relevant words or phrases. The points are hardly covered. |
| Below Level 1 | 0 | Nothing relevant |
| Language | Marks | What it looks like |
|---|---|---|
| Level 3 | 5-6 | Accurate spelling and punctuation, plus a wide variety of suitable words and sentence structures. |
| Level 2 | 3-4 | Some harder words spelt correctly, sentences usually separated correctly, some success with variety. |
| Level 1 | 1-2 | Simple words usually correct, some punctuation, but vocabulary and grammar are limited, repetitive or unsuitable. |
| Below Level 1 | 0 | Below Level 1 standard |
For an email set as Question 3, each grid has four levels (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8). To reach 7-8 for content you need an excellent, fully relevant answer with a wide range of detail and clear, coherent communication. To reach 7-8 for language you need accurate spelling and punctuation and a wide variety of effective vocabulary and structures. The blog and diary pack explains these bands in full.
How to get 12/12: checklist
- Underline the reader. Parents, head teacher, officials = formal. Friend, cousin, family member = informal.
- Number the three points in the question and tick each one as you write it.
- Start the first point in your first or second sentence. No long "How are you?" chat.
- Give a reason or example for the last point. It is usually a "why" point and it is where examiners look for detail.
- Use at least 3 complex sentences (because, which, when, if, although, so that).
- Use at least 2 tenses where they fit (e.g. present perfect + future, or past + present).
- Vary your vocabulary. Do not repeat "good", "nice", "very" or "fun".
- Keep one register from start to end: no slang in a formal letter, no stiff formal phrases to a friend.
- Use a greeting and a sign-off that match the register (they earn no marks, but the wrong one weakens your sense of audience).
- Stay within about 50-70 words. Around 60-68 gives room for detail without extra errors.
- Check: capital letters, full stops, no comma splices, verb endings, spelling of the words from the question.
- حدّد لمن تكتب: أولياء الأمور أو المدير = رسمي (formal)، وصديقك أو قريبك = غير رسمي (informal).
- رقّم النقاط الثلاث في السؤال، وضع علامة على كل نقطة بعد أن تكتبها. إذا نسيت نقطة فلن تحصل على 6/6 في المحتوى.
- ابدأ النقطة الأولى في الجملة الأولى أو الثانية. لا تكتب مقدمة طويلة عن الصحة والأحوال.
- النقطة الأخيرة غالباً تسأل «لماذا»، فاكتب سبباً واضحاً ومثالاً، لأن التفاصيل هنا هي التي ترفع درجتك.
- نوّع الجمل: because – which – when – if – although، واستخدم أكثر من زمن.
Formal or informal? The register table
| Feature | Formal (parents, head teacher, officials) | Informal (friend, family member) |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose of tone | Polite, clear, respectful | Friendly, warm, natural |
| Contractions | Avoid: I am, we would, do not | Use: I'm, we'd, don't, can't |
| Vocabulary | attend, request, grateful, inform, available | come, ask, thanks, tell, free |
| Asking | I would be grateful if you could... | Could you...? / Can you...? |
| Inviting | We would like to invite you to... | Do you fancy coming to...? / Why don't you come...? |
| Giving reasons | This will allow students to... | It'll be great because... |
| Punctuation | No exclamation marks (or one at most) | Exclamation marks and questions to the reader are fine |
| Phrasal verbs and slang | Avoid slang. Few phrasal verbs | Phrasal verbs fine (pick up, hang out). No text-speak (u, gonna) |
| Sentences | Complete, careful sentences. Passive can be useful | Shorter sentences, questions, a little humour |
Greetings and sign-offs
| Type | Greeting (one line, comma at the end) | Sign-off (comma), then name on the next line |
|---|---|---|
| Formal letter, name known | Dear Mr Fathy, / Dear Mrs Hassan, / Dear Dr Nabil, | Yours sincerely, + your full name |
| Formal letter, name not known | Dear Sir or Madam, | Yours faithfully, + your full name |
| Formal letter to a group | Dear Parents, / Dear Students, / Dear Members, | Yours sincerely, or Kind regards, + your name (and role, e.g. Student Council) |
| Formal email | Dear Mr Fathy, / Dear Sir or Madam, | Kind regards, / Best regards, + your full name |
| Informal letter | Dear Karim, / Hi Karim, | Best wishes, / Love, / See you soon, + first name only |
| Informal email | Hi Youssef, / Hello Youssef, | Cheers, / Take care, / Speak soon, + first name only |
- Greeting on ONE line: Hi + name + comma ("Hi Youssef,"). Do not put a comma after "Hi".
- Sign-off + comma on one line, then your name on the line below. In an informal letter or email, write your first name only.
- "Yours sincerely" and "Yours faithfully": capital Y, small s/f.
- No address, no date. The task tells you not to write an address.
- Remember: none of this earns marks by itself. Learn it once, use it quickly, and spend your time on the content.
Structure: paragraph by paragraph
Examiners have no single structure in mind, and you may combine points if that is more natural. But a clear order makes your letter easy to follow, which helps your content mark. Use this plan.
| Part | Formal letter (Q2) | Informal letter (Q2) | Words |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greeting | Dear Parents, | Dear Karim, | 2 |
| Paragraph 1 | One sentence: who you are (if needed) and why you are writing + point 1 | One friendly sentence that goes straight into point 1 (Guess what? I've just...) | 15-20 |
| Paragraph 2 | Point 2 with a detail (time, place, what will happen) | Point 2 with a detail or example | 15-20 |
| Paragraph 3 | Point 3: the reason, with a result or benefit (which will..., so that...) | Point 3: the reason or feeling, with an example | 15-20 |
| Sign-off | Yours sincerely, + name | Best wishes, + first name | 3-4 |
| Part | Informal email (Q3 form, 70-90 words, usually 4 bullets) | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Greeting | Hi Youssef, | 2 |
| Paragraph 1 | Bullet 1 (often when/where) in the first sentence | 15-20 |
| Paragraph 2 | Bullet 2 (often who/how) + one detail | 15-20 |
| Paragraph 3 | Bullet 3 (what you did): a sequence of 2-3 actions with time linkers | 25-30 |
| Paragraph 4 | Bullet 4 (opinion / why): your feeling + a reason, a short question to your friend | 15-20 |
| Sign-off | Cheers, + first name | 2 |
The tick strategy: covering every point
- Read the task and draw a box around the reader and the form (letter / email).
- Number the bullets ①②③ (④ in Q3).
- Next to each bullet, write 2-4 words of detail: a name, a time, a place, a reason.
- Find the "why" or opinion bullet. Plan a reason AND an example or result for it.
- Write, then put a small tick next to each bullet in the question as you finish it.
- Before you move on, check: are there ③ ticks (or ④ in Q3)? If one is missing, add one sentence now.
Students rarely forget the big "why" bullet. They forget the small ones: the name of the event, where it is, when it happened. Examiners report that a missed short bullet (such as "where") is the most common reason a good answer drops out of the top band. One clear sentence is enough for a short bullet.
Get to the point quickly
| Long opening (several sentences before any point) | Quick opening for this exam (point 1 at once) |
|---|---|
| Hi Karim, How are you? How is your family? I hope you are all in good health. I am sorry I have not written for a long time because I was busy with school. (34 words, no points covered) | Hi Karim, Guess what? I've just finished a four-week cooking course at our local youth centre! (point 1 covered in 16 words) |
| Dear Parents, I hope this letter finds you well. As you know, education is very important in this modern world. (no point covered) | Dear Parents, We would like to invite you to our Science Fair on Thursday 4 May in the school hall. (when and where covered at once) |
If you also study Cambridge IGCSE 0510, you learn an informal email opening with "How are you?", a question about your friend's well-being and an apology for not writing for so long with a reason. That layout is right for 0510, where the email is longer. In this Oxford exam the word range is much shorter (50-70 in Q2, 70-90 in Q3) and the Lead Examiner advises skipping long social openings, because they earn no marks. So here keep it to one short line at most ("How are you? Guess what?" or "Great news!") and reach the first bullet in your first or second sentence.
How to start
Formal openings
- I am writing to invite you to...
- I am writing on behalf of the student council to...
- We are delighted to announce that...
- I am writing to ask whether it would be possible to...
- We would be grateful for your help with...
Informal openings
- Guess what? I've just...
- Great news! Our school is...
- I've got something exciting to tell you.
- I'm writing because I need your advice about...
- You'll never believe what happened last weekend!
How to end
Formal closings
- We very much hope that you will be able to attend.
- Thank you in advance for your support.
- I look forward to hearing from you.
- Please do not hesitate to contact the school office if you have any questions.
- Your help will make a real difference to our students.
Informal closings
- Let me know if you can come!
- Write back soon and tell me what you think.
- Why don't you join us next time?
- I can't wait to see you.
- Give my regards to your family.
Useful phrases for common letter purposes
Inviting
- We would like to invite you to...
- It would be wonderful if you could come.
- Do you fancy coming with me to...?
- How about joining us on...?
Giving details (when / where / what)
- The event will take place on... at...
- It starts at 6 p.m. and finishes at about 9.
- There will be...
- It's being held in...
Giving reasons and benefits
- This will allow students to...
- ...which means that...
- so that everyone can...
- The main reason is that...
- Not only will you..., but you will also...
Asking and requesting
- I would be grateful if you could...
- Would it be possible to...?
- Could you possibly...?
- Can you help me with...?
Advising
- If I were you, I would...
- You should definitely...
- Why don't you...?
- It might be a good idea to...
Telling news and feelings
- I've just...
- Since then, I have...
- I was thrilled when...
- It was exhausting but incredibly rewarding.
Common mistakes
| Mistake | Example | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Missing a compulsory point | Forgetting to say WHERE the event is | Number and tick the bullets |
| Several sentences of social chat before point 1 | How are you? How is your family? I miss you so much. I hope you are fine... | One short friendly line at most, then point 1 |
| Writing an address or date | 15 Nile Street, Cairo, 3/5/2026 | Start with the greeting |
| Wrong register | Hey Mr Fathy! Wanna open a study room? | Dear Mr Fathy, I am writing to ask whether... |
| Mixing registers | Dear Sir or Madam, ... Cheers, guys! | Choose one register and keep it |
| "Why" point with no detail | You should come because it is fun. | You should come because there will be live music and a football match against the teachers. |
| Memorised phrases that do not fit | I am writing this letter to inform you about the hot issue of the modern era. | I am writing to invite you to our Science Fair. |
| Comma splices | The concert starts at 7, it finishes at 9. | The concert starts at 7 and finishes at 9. |
| Wrong sign-off | Yours sincerely, your friend Omar (to a friend) / Love, (to the head teacher) | Best wishes, Omar / Yours sincerely, Yassin Adel |
| Far too long | 130 words for Q2 | Keep to about 50-70. Save time for Q4 |
- أن تنسى نقطة صغيرة مثل «أين» أو «متى». جملة واحدة واضحة تكفي لكل نقطة صغيرة.
- أن تكتب لصديقك بأسلوب رسمي جداً، أو تكتب للمدير بأسلوب عامي (Hey – Wanna).
- أن تكتب عنواناً أو تاريخاً: السؤال يطلب منك ألا تكتب عنواناً.
- الـ Email في السؤال الثالث أطول (70-90 كلمة) وعليه 16 درجة وغالباً 4 نقاط، لكن طريقة كتابته مثل الـ Letter.
Timing
| Stage | Q2 letter | Q3 email |
|---|---|---|
| Read, underline, number bullets, plan details | 3 min | 4 min |
| Write | 9 min | 13 min |
| Check bullets, spelling, punctuation | 2 min | 3 min |
| Total | 14 min | 20 min |
Model answers
Word counts below include the greeting, the sign-off and the name, because examiners read and credit every word you write. Each body paragraph is shown separately.
Dear Parents,
Our school is opening a new library next term, and we would be grateful for your help.
Please bring any used books to the school hall between 9 and 13 March. We especially need English novels, science books and atlases in good condition.
The library will give every student a quiet place to read, which will improve their English.
Yours sincerely,
Ahmed Samir, Student Council
- Point 1 (when and where) ✓: "to the school hall between 9 and 13 March", in the second sentence of the letter.
- Point 2 (what kind of books) ✓: "English novels, science books and atlases in good condition": specific, not just "books".
- Point 3 (why it is important) ✓: a clear benefit with a result: "a quiet place to read, which will improve their English".
- Content 6/6: all three points, everything relevant, clear purpose stated at once. No social chat.
- Audience: polite formal register for parents ("we would be grateful", "Please bring", "Yours sincerely"). No contractions.
- Language 6/6, variety: compound sentence ("..., and we would be grateful"), imperative ("Please bring"), relative clause ("which will improve"), future ("will give"), present continuous for a plan ("is opening"), precise vocabulary ("used books", "in good condition").
- Language 6/6, accuracy: correct spelling and punctuation, commas in the list, capital letters for names and months.
Dear Mr Fathy,
I am writing on behalf of Year 10 to ask whether a quiet study room could be opened after school. Many of us cannot concentrate at home because our flats are noisy.
The room would be open from 3 to 5 p.m., Sunday to Thursday.
In return, we promise to keep it tidy, and two prefects will lock it every evening.
Yours sincerely,
Yassin Adel
- Point 1 (why students need it) ✓: "Many of us cannot concentrate at home because our flats are noisy": a real reason, not just "we need it".
- Point 2 (when) ✓: "from 3 to 5 p.m., Sunday to Thursday": precise.
- Point 3 (how students will look after it) ✓: two concrete actions: keep it tidy, prefects lock it.
- Content 6/6: purpose in the first sentence. All points covered with detail. Clear and convincing.
- Audience: respectful formal tone for a head teacher ("I am writing on behalf of", "ask whether... could be opened", "In return").
- Language 6/6: indirect question ("ask whether a quiet study room could be opened"), passive ("could be opened"), modal ("would be open"), cause ("because"), compound sentence and future ("will lock"). Varied, accurate and appropriate.
Dear Karim,
Guess what? I have just finished a four-week cooking course at our local youth centre, and I loved every minute!
We learned to make healthy meals such as lentil soup, grilled chicken with rice and colourful salads.
Since the course ended, I have stopped ordering fast food. Instead, I cook dinner twice a week, which gives me far more energy.
Best wishes,
Omar
- Point 1 (where) ✓: "at our local youth centre", in the first real sentence.
- Point 2 (what you learned) ✓: three specific dishes, introduced with "such as".
- Point 3 (how it changed the way you eat) ✓: before and after ("stopped ordering fast food" → "cook dinner twice a week") plus a result ("far more energy"). This is the detail examiners look for.
- Content 6/6: friendly, relevant and clear. Only two words of social opening ("Guess what?").
- Audience: natural informal tone (question, exclamation, "loved every minute"), but still accurate.
- Language 6/6: present perfect ("have just finished", "have stopped"), past simple ("learned"), present simple for habits ("cook"), time clause ("Since the course ended"), relative clause ("which gives me"), linkers ("Instead"). Vocabulary is precise (grilled, colourful, energy).
Hi Youssef,
Last Friday, I spent the whole day cleaning a beach in Alexandria with forty other volunteers.
The event was organised by our school's environment club, which gave everyone gloves, bags and cold water.
First, we collected plastic bottles and old fishing nets from the sand. After lunch, we sorted the rubbish so that most of it could be recycled. By sunset, we had filled ninety bags!
Honestly, it was exhausting but incredibly rewarding. Why don't you join us next time?
Cheers,
Hassan
- Bullet 1 (when) ✓: "Last Friday", the very first words.
- Bullet 2 (who organised it) ✓: "our school's environment club", with an extra detail about what they provided.
- Bullet 3 (what you did) ✓: a clear sequence with time linkers (First, After lunch, By sunset) and specific actions.
- Bullet 4 (opinion) ✓: a balanced opinion ("exhausting but incredibly rewarding") and an invitation that ends naturally.
- Content 8/8: excellent, fully relevant, a wide range of detail (place, numbers, objects, results), clear and coherent from start to end.
- Language 8/8: wide variety of structures: passive ("was organised", "could be recycled"), relative clause ("which gave everyone"), purpose clause ("so that"), past perfect ("had filled"), question to the reader. Effective vocabulary (rewarding, sorted, volunteers). Accurate spelling and punctuation, including the apostrophe in "school's".
- Compare with Q2: the same skills, but 20 more words and a fourth bullet, so there is more room for detail and variety.
Why these models score full marks: the pattern
- Point 1 is answered within the first two sentences.
- Every point has at least one specific detail (a name, a number, a time, an example).
- The "why" or opinion point has a reason AND a result.
- There are at least three different complex structures (because, which, so that, since, whether).
- There are at least two different tenses, each used correctly.
- The tone fits the reader from the first word to the last.
- There is no social chat and no memorised filler.
Practice
Practice task 1 (Q2, formal): Your school needs volunteers for its sports day. Write a letter to parents asking for their help. You must include: • what jobs the volunteers will do • when and where parents should arrive • why their help is important. 50-70 words. Make a plan.
Show answer
Register: formal (parents). Plan: ① serve water, keep scores, help younger pupils find their races ② 8 a.m. on Thursday 20 April, at the main gate, for a short briefing ③ teachers cannot run twelve events alone. Parents' help keeps the day safe and on time. Opening: "We are looking for parent volunteers to help at our Sports Day on Thursday 20 April." Closing: "Thank you in advance for your support." Then "Yours sincerely," on one line and your full name on the next.Practice task 2 (Q2, informal): Write a letter to your cousin advising him how to settle into a new school. You must include: • how to make new friends • what to do if lessons are difficult • why it will get easier. 50-70 words. Make a plan.
Show answer
Register: informal. Plan: ① join a club (football, chess). Sit with different people at break ② ask the teacher after class, study with a classmate ③ everyone feels lost at first. After a month you will know the routines and people. Useful structures: "If I were you, I would...", "Why don't you...?", "Once you..., you will...". Sign-off: "Best wishes," then your first name on the next line.Practice task 3 (Q3 email): Write an email to a friend about a new phone app you have started using. You must include: • the name of the app • how you found out about it • what you use it for • why you would recommend it. 70-90 words. Make a plan.
Show answer
Plan: ① WordWise (an invented vocabulary app) ② my English teacher showed it in class last month ③ I learn ten new words every morning on the bus. Quizzes and a daily streak ④ free, takes only ten minutes, my reading test mark went up from 14 to 18 → recommend. Include a past tense, present habit, present perfect ("I have learned over 300 words"), a relative clause and a question to your friend.Which sign-off goes with "Dear Sir or Madam,"?
Show answer
Yours faithfully, followed by your full name.Rewrite in a formal register: "Hey parents! U should totally come to our play, it's gonna be awesome."
Show answer
Dear Parents, We would like to invite you to our school play. We are sure that you will enjoy it.A student covers all three points but writes: "Come to the event. It is good. It is fun. It is nice." What will hold the mark down?
Show answer
Content: the reasons have no detail, so it may not reach 5-6. Language: vocabulary and structures are limited and repetitive (Level 1-2). Fix it with specific reasons and complex sentences: "You should come because the money we raise will buy books for a village school."If Q2 asked for an email instead of a letter, what would change?
Show answer
Almost nothing: still 50-70 words, 3 compulsory points, 12 marks. You may use a more email-style greeting and sign-off, but layout earns no marks.
All pages in this course
Start here: the exam
Reading (9280/R)
- The Reading Paper (9280/R)
- Reading: Every Question Type
- Reading: Vocabulary in Context
- Reading: Full Practice Paper
Writing (9280/W)
- The Writing Paper: Complete Guide
- Question 1: Picture Description
- Question 2: Letters and Emails (How to Get 12/12)
- Question 3: Blog and Diary Entry
- The Article (Question 3 and Question 4)
- The Report (Question 3)
- Extended Writing (Question 4)
Listening (9280/L)
Speaking (9280/S)