English Course · Level 4 (B1+) · Week 6 of 12

Science and Technology

Grammar: Future continuous and future perfect

This week's plan

Day	Learn	Listen / Watch	Practise
Day 1	Words: Technology today · Sentences 1–2	British Council: “Innovation in business” (reading)	Exercise 1
Day 2	Words: Science · Sentences 3–4	British Council: “Why bridges collapse” (reading)	Exercise 2
Day 3	Words: Innovation · Sentences 5–6	British Council: “Future continuous and future perfect” (grammar)	Exercise 3
Day 4	Words: Space and energy · Sentences 7–8	TED-Ed: “How do self-driving cars “see”?” (video) + British Council: “The Martian: a book review” (reading)	Exercise 4
Day 5	Words: Time in the future · Sentences 9–10	British Council: “Asteroids” (reading)	Write & Speak
Day 6	Review all 30 words + 10 sentences	British Council: “A lecture about an experiment” (listening)	Redo mistakes
Day 7	Free day ☺	TED-Ed: “How do solar panels work?” (video)	Tick your tracker

30 minutes a day: review, learn, listen, practise, speak. Day 7 is a free day. Tap a resource to find it.

30 words to learn

Set 1 · Technology today

a gadgetجهاز صغير / أداة إلكترونية
an appتطبيق / أبلكيشن
softwareبرمجيات / سوفتوير
user-friendlyسهل الاستخدام
wirelessلاسلكي
cutting-edgeحديث جدًا / من أحدث ما وصلت إليه التكنولوجيا

Set 2 · Science

researchبحث علمي / أبحاث
an experimentتجربة علمية
a discoveryاكتشاف
a scientistعالِم
proveيُثبت
a hypothesisفرضية

Set 3 · Innovation

inventيخترع
an innovationابتكار
a prototypeنموذج أوّلي
launchيطلق / يدشّن
a robotروبوت / إنسان آلي
an electric vehicleسيارة كهربائية

Set 4 · Space and energy

wind powerطاقة الرياح
renewableمتجدد
a planetكوكب
a satelliteقمر صناعي
an astronautرائد فضاء
exploreيستكشف

Set 5 · Time in the future

by 2040بحلول عام ٢٠٤٠
by thenبحلول ذلك الوقت
in ten years' timeبعد عشر سنوات من الآن
this time next yearفي مثل هذا الوقت من العام القادم
withinخلال / في غضون
from now onمن الآن فصاعدًا

10 sentences to memorise

1This time next year, I'll be working for a tech company in the Smart Village.في مثل هذا الوقت من العام القادم، سأكون أعمل في شركة تكنولوجيا في القرية الذكية.
2By 2040, scientists will have found cures for many diseases.بحلول عام ٢٠٤٠، سيكون العلماء قد وجدوا علاجات لكثير من الأمراض.
3In ten years' time, most people will be driving electric cars.بعد عشر سنوات من الآن، سيكون معظم الناس يقودون سيارات كهربائية.
4Don't call me at eight — I'll be watching the launch online.لا تتصل بي في الثامنة؛ سأكون أشاهد الإطلاق على الإنترنت.
5By the time you get home, the update will have finished.بحلول الوقت الذي تصل فيه إلى البيت، سيكون التحديث قد انتهى.
6Will you be using your laptop this evening?هل ستستخدم حاسوبك المحمول هذا المساء؟
7The researchers have made an important breakthrough.حقق الباحثون إنجازًا علميًا مهمًا.
8There isn't enough evidence to prove it yet.لا توجد أدلة كافية لإثبات ذلك حتى الآن.
9Egypt is investing in solar energy in Aswan.تستثمر مصر في الطاقة الشمسية في أسوان.
10By the end of this level, I'll have learnt 360 new words.بنهاية هذا المستوى، سأكون قد تعلمت ٣٦٠ كلمة جديدة.

Grammar: Future continuous and future perfect

Future continuous: will be + -ing = an action in progress at a time in the future. At nine tomorrow, I'll be flying to Aswan.

Future perfect: will have + past participle = an action finished before a time in the future. By Friday, I'll have finished the project.

العربية تستخدم «سـ / سوف» لكل المستقبل تقريبًا، أما الإنجليزية فتفرّق: «سأكون أعمل» (حدث مستمر في لحظة معينة في المستقبل) = will be working، و«سأكون قد أنهيت» (حدث سينتهي قبل لحظة معينة في المستقبل) = will have finished. الخطأ الشائع: By next year I will finish my degree، والأصح مع by أن نقول will have finished. وبعد by the time و when نستخدم المضارع البسيط وليس will: By the time you arrive (وليس will arrive).

Form	Use	Example
will be + -ing	in progress at a future moment	This time tomorrow, I'll be sitting my exam.
will be + -ing	polite question about someone's plans	Will you be coming to the meeting?
will have + p.p.	finished before a future time (by …)	By 2030, they will have built the new city.
won't have + p.p.	not finished by then	I won't have finished by six.

Time words: future continuous → at this time tomorrow, this time next week, at 8 p.m. · future perfect → by, by the time, by the end of, before.

Wrong: By the time you will arrive … ✔ By the time you arrive …

Stative verbs (know, believe, own) don't usually take -ing: By June, I'll have known her for ten years.

Exercises

Exercise 1 · Future continuous or future perfect? Choose.

1) Don't phone at seven. We (will be having / will have had) dinner.
2) This time next week, Omar (will be lying / will have lain) on the beach in Hurghada.
3) By the end of the year, I (will be saving / will have saved) 20,000 pounds.
4) By 2035, scientists (will be sending / will have sent) people to Mars.
5) By the time the film starts, we (will be finishing / will have finished) our popcorn.
6) (Will you be using / Will you have used) the car tomorrow morning?

Show the answers

1) will be having 2) will be lying 3) will have saved 4) will have sent 5) will have finished 6) Will you be using

Exercise 2 · Complete with the future continuous or the future perfect.

1) By Monday, the technician ___ (install) the new software.
2) By the time you read this message, I ___ (leave) Cairo.
3) At ten tomorrow, I ___ (take) my driving test.
4) She ___ (not finish) the report by Thursday — it's too long.
5) In twenty years' time, robots ___ (do) most of the housework.
6) ___ you ___ (work) late tonight?

Show the answers

1) will have installed 2) will have left 3) will be taking 4) won't have finished 5) will be doing 6) Will … be working

Exercise 3 · Correct the mistake.

1) By next June, I will finish my degree.
2) By the time she will arrive, we'll have eaten.
3) This time tomorrow I'll be fly to London.
4) By 2030, they will have build a new airport.
5) Call me later — at nine I will have watched the match.
6) In five years, I'll have living in Alexandria.

Show the answers

1) By next June, I will have finished my degree. 2) By the time she arrives, we'll have eaten. 3) This time tomorrow I'll be flying to London. 4) By 2030, they will have built a new airport. 5) …at nine I will be watching the match. 6) In five years, I'll be living in Alexandria.

Exercise 4 · Translate into English.

1) في مثل هذا الوقت غدًا، سأكون مسافرًا إلى الأقصر.
2) بحلول عام ٢٠٣٠، سيكونون قد بنوا محطة طاقة شمسية جديدة.
3) هل ستستخدم الحاسوب الليلة؟
4) لن أكون قد أنهيت المشروع بحلول يوم الخميس.
5) حقق العلماء اكتشافًا مهمًا.

Show the answers

1) This time tomorrow, I'll be travelling to Luxor. / This time tomorrow, I'll be flying (going) to Luxor. 2) By 2030, they will have built a new solar power station. / By 2030, they will have built a new solar power plant. 3) Will you be using the computer tonight? 4) I won't have finished the project by Thursday. 5) Scientists have made an important discovery. / Scientists made an important discovery.

Do each exercise in pencil first, then open the answers to check.

Write & Speak

Write & Speak — “Life in 2040”: write 150–200 words about how science and technology will change your life and the world. Use the future continuous and the future perfect at least three times each. Then give a two-minute talk about your predictions.

Example: I think that by 2040 technology will have changed our lives completely. First of all, I believe that most people won't be driving their own cars. Driverless taxis will be taking us to work, and we will be using that time to read, rest or study. In Cairo, the traffic problem might finally be solved! Secondly, I am sure that scientists will have made huge breakthroughs in medicine. They will have found cures for some kinds of cancer, and doctors will be checking our health through small devices that we wear on our wrists. Energy will also be different. By 2040, Egypt will have built many more solar parks like the one in Benban near Aswan, and our homes will be using clean, renewable energy. As for me, I will be fifty years old. I hope I will be working from home three days a week and spending more time with my family. By then, I will have visited at least ten countries, and I will have learnt a third language — maybe Chinese!