English Course · Level 3 (B1) · Week 12 of 12

Looking Ahead

Grammar: so / such · too / enough · linking words (although, however, because of, so)

This week's plan

Day	Learn	Listen / Watch	Practise
Day 1	Words: The world of tomorrow · Sentences 1–2	BBC 6 Minute Grammar: “So, such, enough, too” (podcast)	Exercise 1
Day 2	Words: Describing change · Sentences 3–4	BBC 6 Minute Grammar: “Linking devices of contrast” (podcast)	Exercise 2
Day 3	Words: Hopes and plans · Sentences 5–6	British Council: “Intensifiers: 'so' and 'such'” (grammar) + British Council: “Contrasting ideas: 'although', 'despite' and others” (grammar)	Exercise 3
Day 4	Words: Giving opinions · Sentences 7–8	BBC 6 Minute English: “Sharing the road with driverless cars” (podcast)	Exercise 4
Day 5	Words: Linking words · Sentences 9–10	BBC 6 Minute English: “Is it OK to disagree?” (podcast)	Write & Speak
Day 6	Review all 30 words + 10 sentences	BBC 6 Minute English: “The future of food” (podcast)	Redo mistakes
Day 7	Free day ☺	BBC 6 Minute English: “Searching for life on another planet” (podcast)	Tick your tracker

30 minutes a day: review, learn, listen, practise, speak. Day 7 is a free day. Tap a resource to find it.

30 words to learn

Set 1 · The world of tomorrow

driverless carسيارة ذاتية القيادة
space travelالسفر إلى الفضاء
inventionاختراع
smart cityمدينة ذكية
virtual realityالواقع الافتراضي
populationعدد السكان

Set 2 · Describing change

increaseيزيد / زيادة
decreaseيقلّ / انخفاض
replaceيحلّ محلّ / يستبدل
developيتطوّر / يطوّر
improveيتحسّن / يحسّن
disappearيختفي

Set 3 · Hopes and plans

ambitionطموح
goalهدف
achieveيحقّق
dream ofيحلم بـ
look forward to (+ -ing)يتطلّع إلى
hope toيأمل أن

Set 4 · Giving opinions

in my opinionفي رأيي
on the one handمن ناحية
on the other handمن ناحية أخرى
I'm convinced thatأنا مقتنع بأن
it's hard to sayمن الصعب أن نقول / مش واضح
to be honestبصراحة

Set 5 · Linking words

althoughعلى الرغم من أن / مع إن
howeverومع ذلك
because ofبسبب
soلذلك
so … that… لدرجة أن
such a … that… لدرجة أن (مع اسم)

10 sentences to memorise

1The traffic was so bad that I was an hour late.كانت زحمة المرور سيئة لدرجة أنني تأخرت ساعة.
2It was such a good film that I watched it twice.كان فيلمًا جيدًا لدرجة أنني شاهدته مرتين.
3Although robots can do many jobs, they can't replace teachers.على الرغم من أن الروبوتات تستطيع أداء وظائف كثيرة، فإنها لا تستطيع أن تحلّ محلّ المعلمين.
4Driverless cars could make our roads safer. However, many people don't trust them.يمكن للسيارات ذاتية القيادة أن تجعل طرقنا أكثر أمانًا. ومع ذلك، لا يثق بها كثير من الناس.
5Our flight was cancelled because of the storm.أُلغيت رحلتنا بسبب العاصفة.
6I'm not too old to learn something new.لست كبيرًا جدًا على تعلّم شيء جديد.
7Is the internet in your village fast enough to work from home?هل الإنترنت في قريتك سريع بما يكفي للعمل من البيت؟
8My goal is to speak English fluently in two years.هدفي أن أتحدث الإنجليزية بطلاقة خلال عامين.
9In my opinion, cities will be greener in twenty years.في رأيي، ستكون المدن أكثر خضرة بعد عشرين عامًا.
10I'm really looking forward to seeing what the future brings.أتطلّع حقًا إلى رؤية ما يحمله المستقبل.

Grammar: so / such · too / enough · linking words (although, however, because of, so)

so + adjective (so hot) · such + a / an + adjective + noun (such a hot day) · so / such … that = the result.

too + adjective + to (too hot to walk) · adjective + enough + to (old enough to drive).

although + a clause · however, + a new sentence · because + a clause · because of + a noun.

في العربية نقول «على الرغم من أن… إلا أن…» فيستخدم المتعلمون كلمتين للربط: ✗ Although it was expensive, but I bought it. في الإنجليزية كلمة واحدة فقط تكفي: ✓ Although it was expensive, I bought it. وبعد because of يأتي اسم فقط (because of the rain)، وبعد because جملة كاملة (because it was raining). و such تأتي مع اسم (such a nice day)، و so مع صفة وحدها (so nice).

so	such
so + adjective: The exam was so difficult.	such + a / an + adjective + noun: It was such a difficult exam.
so … that: He spoke so fast that I didn't understand.	such … that: It was such a hot day that we stayed inside.
so + adverb: She drives so carefully.	such + plural / uncountable noun: such kind people · such good weather

Linker	Followed by	Example
although	a clause (subject + verb)	Although it was late, we went out.
however	a new sentence + comma	It was late. However, we went out.
because	a clause	We stayed in because it was raining.
because of	a noun	We stayed in because of the rain.
so	the result	It was raining, so we stayed in.

✗ Although it was expensive, but I bought it. ✓ Although it was expensive, I bought it.

✗ because of it was raining ✓ because of the rain / because it was raining

✗ It was so a nice day. ✓ It was such a nice day. / The day was so nice.

✗ He isn't enough old to drive. ✓ He isn't old enough to drive. · It's too hot to walk (= we can't walk).

Exercises

Exercise 1 · Complete with so or such.

1) The weather was ___ hot that we stayed at home.
2) She's ___ a kind person.
3) It was ___ an interesting lecture.
4) The exam was ___ easy!
5) They are ___ good friends.
6) He drives ___ fast that I'm scared.

Show the answers

1) so 2) such 3) such 4) so 5) such 6) so

Exercise 2 · Choose the correct answer.

1) (Although / However) it was raining, we went to the beach.
2) The flat is small. (Although / However), it's in a great area.
3) The match was cancelled (because / because of) the bad weather.
4) I was tired, (so / because) I went to bed early.
5) She got the job (because / because of) she was well prepared.
6) (Although / Because) he's rich, he isn't happy.

Show the answers

1) Although 2) However 3) because of 4) so 5) because 6) Although

Exercise 3 · Rewrite the sentences with the word(s) in brackets.

1) The coffee is very hot. I can't drink it. (too … to)
2) He's seventeen. He can't vote. (old enough)
3) It was a very boring film. I fell asleep. (such … that)
4) The road was closed because there was an accident. (because of)
5) It was expensive, but I bought it. (although)

Show the answers

1) The coffee is too hot to drink. 2) He isn't old enough to vote. 3) It was such a boring film that I fell asleep. 4) The road was closed because of an accident. / The road was closed because of the accident. 5) Although it was expensive, I bought it. / I bought it although it was expensive.

Exercise 4 · Translate into English.

1) كان يومًا جميلًا لدرجة أننا ذهبنا إلى البحر.
2) على الرغم من أنه كان متعبًا، ذهب إلى العمل.
3) تأخرنا بسبب الزحمة.
4) الماء بارد جدًا ولا يمكن السباحة فيه.

Show the answers

1) It was such a beautiful day that we went to the beach. / It was such a nice day that we went to the sea. 2) Although he was tired, he went to work. / He went to work although he was tired. 3) We were late because of the traffic. / We were late because of the traffic jam. 4) The water is too cold to swim in.

Do each exercise in pencil first, then open the answers to check.

Write & Speak

Write & Speak — Write 120–150 words: an opinion paragraph — “Life in 2050 will be better than life today.” Do you agree? Give reasons for and against, and use although, however, because of, so … that and such … that. Then give your opinion aloud in two minutes, as if you were speaking in a debate.

Example: In my opinion, life in 2050 will be better than life today, although there will also be some serious problems. On the one hand, technology is developing so quickly that robots will probably do many difficult and dangerous jobs. Driverless cars might make our roads safer, and doctors will be able to cure diseases which kill millions of people today. Online courses will make education cheaper, so more young people in villages will be able to get a degree. On the other hand, the population is increasing, and because of climate change, summers in Egypt may become too hot to bear. However, I'm convinced that people will find solutions. Thirty years ago, nobody could imagine a smartphone. Today it is such a normal part of life that we can't live without it. To be honest, I'm really looking forward to the future.